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J Immunology:I型干扰素调控系统性硬化疾病发生

2016-05-31 佚名 生物谷

系统性硬化(systemic sclerosis)是一类复杂的自身免疫疾病,该疾病可以大致分为两类:一类是局部皮肤的硬皮病(limited cutaneous scleroderma),主要是患者的皮肤出现纤维化症状,同时伴随有"雷诺现象"以及肺脏血压升高;另一类是扩散性系统硬化,即患者多处组织器官发生病变。目前对造成该疾病的免疫系统紊乱的机制了解并不清楚,不过最近一些研究发现I型干扰素在多种自体

系统性硬化(systemic sclerosis)是一类复杂的自身免疫疾病,该疾病可以大致分为两类:一类是局部皮肤的硬皮病(limited cutaneous scleroderma),主要是患者的皮肤出现纤维化症状,同时伴随有"雷诺现象"以及肺脏血压升高;另一类是扩散性系统硬化,即患者多处组织器官发生病变。目前对造成该疾病的免疫系统紊乱的机制了解并不清楚,不过最近一些研究发现I型干扰素在多种自体免疫疾病(包括系统性红斑狼疮、肌炎、牛皮癣、 肉样瘤病以及异性糖尿病等等)中发挥了重要的作用。另外,还有一些研究发现在硬皮病患者病变部位存在大量的I型干扰素,然而I型干扰素对该自体免疫病的发病有何作用目前并不清楚。


干扰素可以分为I型、II型以及III型,其中I型干扰素包括IFN-alpha(13个亚型)、IFN-beta、omega以及kappa。抗病毒感染以外,I型干扰素还能够促进DC的成熟,效应CD8+ T细胞的活化,NK细胞的活化以及B细胞的分化等。为了探究I型干扰素在系统性硬化这一疾病中的作用,来自华盛顿大学医学院的Anthony J. Coyle课题组进行了深入研究,相关结果发表在《Journal of immunology》杂志上。
 
首先,作者利用特异性针对IFNR1(I型干扰素受体)的抗体处理经过皮肤移植,发生系统性硬化疾病的小鼠模型(GVHD-SS1),之后观察其疾病的发展情况。结果显示,抗体的处理能够有效降低小鼠的疾病严重程度,这说明I型干扰素的确能够促进自体免疫反应的发生。
 
之后,作者比较了不同处理小鼠血清中自体抗体的产生量。结果显示,在IFNR1抗体处理过的小鼠体内自体反应抗体的含量明显低于对照组,这说明I型IFN能够促进自身反应抗体的产生。
 
那么IFNR1信号通路的阻断是如何影响到自体免疫反应抗体的水平的呢?作者发现IFNR1抗体处理过的小鼠,其自身免疫反应抗体在真皮层中的含量与对照组差异不大,但其在血管层的沉积显著下降。另外,真皮层中C1q的含量差别较为明显,IFNR1抗体处理过的小鼠C1q在真皮层中的含量明显低于对照组。这说明IFNR1的阻断能够有效抑制C1q在真皮层的沉积,并部分影响了自身抗体的积累。
 
进一步,作者比较了GVHD-SS1小鼠在移植手术之后I型干扰素产生的动态特征。结果显示:IFN-beta的表达在1周之后达到最高峰;IFN-alpha9, IFN-gamma, and IFN-lamda2 在三周之后达到高峰;而IFN-gamma在手术之后4周仍然维持峰值,此时皮肤的纤维化已经十分严重。
 
之后,作者分析了在IFNR1信号阻断之后下游基因的表达是否发生变化。结果显示:IFN下游的一些基因在IFNR1受体信号阻断之后发生了明显的下调,进而TNF-alpha以及IL1-6的表达了受到了影响。

最后作者证明了IFNAR1信号对于GVHD-SS1小鼠血管病变发生具有重要的作用。

原始出处:

Tracy A. Delaney*, Chris Morehouse†, P. Zachary Brohawn†, Christopher Groves*, Marco Colonna‡, Yihong Yao§, Miguel Sanjuan* and Anthony J. Coyle¶  Type I IFNs Regulate Inflammation, Vasculopathy, and Fibrosis in Chronic Cutaneous Graft-versus-Host Disease The Journal of Immunology  May 25, 2016
1502190

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    2016-05-31 沉心多思

    免疫越来越清晰了

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