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Injury:老年踝关节骨折术后早期并发症危险因素

2014-04-02 佚名 丁香园

踝关节骨折是最常见的下肢损伤之一,随着患者年龄增加,骨质变得疏松,踝关节骨折的发生率也会逐渐增加,将和其他骨质疏松性骨折一起给医疗系统带来沉重负担。目前关于老年人踝关节骨折的最佳处理方法仍存在争议。对骨折进行稳定的内固定会带来良好的治疗效果,但骨科医生也必须清楚手术会增加并发症的发生率。从生物力学上看,老年人骨质条件差,术中很难取得解剖复位和稳定固定,因此术后常常会出现内固定松动、螺钉拔除等情况。

踝关节骨折是最常见的下肢损伤之一,随着患者年龄增加,骨质变得疏松,踝关节骨折的发生率也会逐渐增加,将和其他骨质疏松性骨折一起给医疗系统带来沉重负担。目前关于老年人踝关节骨折的最佳处理方法仍存在争议。对骨折进行稳定的内固定会带来良好的治疗效果,但骨科医生也必须清楚手术会增加并发症的发生率。从生物力学上看,老年人骨质条件差,术中很难取得解剖复位和稳定固定,因此术后常常会出现内固定松动、螺钉拔除等情况。同时,患者年龄增加,例如深静脉血栓、肺栓塞、压疮、败血症等的其他并发症发生率也会增加。【原文下载】

为了解老年人踝关节骨折手术以后的早期并发症以及发生再次手术的情况,英国的Ahmed Zaghloul教授进行了一项回顾性研究,其结果发表在2014年4月的Injury。

研究对象为2007年至2010年入院手术治疗的198例60岁以上老年踝关节骨折患者。按照Weber踝关节骨折分型对骨折进行分类。轻度并发症是指不需要外科手术处理的并发症,包括:浅表伤口感染、伤口延迟愈合、内固定突出软组织激惹。严重并发症是指:需要进行手术处理的并发症,包括:深部伤口感染、内固定松动或固定失败。不研究如创伤后关节炎等长期并发症。

统计患者性别、年龄、骨折类型、是否吸烟、是否开放性骨折、术前等待时间等情况,并评估其和并发症的发生是否存在联系。使用Charlson评分系统对合并疾病情况进行评估,Charlson评分为0代表患者无合并疾病,Charlson评分1代表轻度的合并疾病,如1至2项轻度的合并疾病,Charlson评分2则代表严重的合并疾病,如3至4项轻度合并疾病或者1项严重合并疾病或者1项局部软组织或骨骼问题。

198例患者中有12例因失访而排除出研究,最终有186例患者完成研究。平均年龄70.67岁,女性132例,男性54例。患者的基本情况和合并疾病情况见表2和表3。有21.5%的患者发生了早期并发症,10.8%的患者是需要进行清创、去除内固定和再次固定等手术治疗的严重并发症。

使用二元逻辑回归和Fisher检验统计分析数据,结果显示:手术治疗老年踝关节骨折有较高的并发症发生率,年龄、吸烟、外周血管疾病、糖尿病和踝关节局部疾病(周围神经疾病、骨质疏松等)和老年人踝关节骨折术后早期并发症有密切关系;改良Charlson评分1或2分的患者出现并发症的风险会增高,而冠状动脉性疾病和骨折分型(Weber分型)对并发症的发生没有无明显影响。

原始出处:

Zaghloul A1, Haddad B2, Barksfield R3, Davis B3.Early complications of surgery in operative treatment of ankle fractures in those over 60: a review of 186 cases.Injury. 2014 Apr;45(4):780-3. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Nov 23.【原文下载】

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    2015-02-07 丁鹏鹏
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    2014-08-02 xuqianhua
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    2014-04-04 qilu_qi

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