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四千万失能老人谁来护理?长期护理保险来解忧

2019-10-04 董蕊 健康时报

当你老了,医院不能养,养老院不能医,子女还难得照顾,怎么办?2016年7月,人社部宣布在青岛、上海、上饶、荆门等15个城市开展长期护理保险试点,旨在解决失能老人长期护理保障问题。记者近日在试点城市采访发现,长期护理保险破解了失能老人的养护难题,受到百姓欢迎。现状:4000万失能半失能老人“人老了以后最好的事情就是自己上厕所。”但是在中国,大概有4000万老人“享受”不到这件最好的事。今年8月,

当你老了,医院不能养,养老院不能医,子女还难得照顾,怎么办?

2016年7月,人社部宣布在青岛、上海、上饶、荆门等15个城市开展长期护理保险试点,旨在解决失能老人长期护理保障问题。

记者近日在试点城市采访发现,长期护理保险破解了失能老人的养护难题,受到百姓欢迎。

现状:4000万失能半失能老人

“人老了以后最好的事情就是自己上厕所。”但是在中国,大概有4000万老人“享受”不到这件最好的事。

今年8月,国家卫健委医政医管局副局长焦雅辉在卫健委新闻发布会上表示,中国60岁及以上老年人口已有约2.49亿,其中超过4000万老人处于失能、半失能状态。这些老人都是谁在照护?

中国保险行业协会发布的《2016中国长期护理调研报告》显示,全国7%的家庭有需要长期护理的老人,绝大部分由配偶、子女或亲戚提供照护。“一人失能全家受累”,失能、半失能老人的长期护理问题给很多家庭带来巨大负担。

比如记者此次在浙江嘉兴见到的83岁老人金静成,因为脑梗失能,平时由妻子照顾。但是他的妻子也已经70多岁并且身形矮小,照顾起来也是力不从心。据国务院发展研究中心数据,我国65岁以上老人的长期护理需求平均为13%,75岁~80岁每5人中就有1个人需要长期护理,80岁~90岁每两人中就有一个人有护理需求。“老人照顾老人”、“全家照顾老人”成为我国养老群像中不尽合理的一幕。

建立长期护理保险制度已经成为一些国家和地区应对人口老龄化的重要措施之一。长期护理保险定义较广,可以是社会保险,也可以由商业保险和政府合作,亦可以创新符合国情的保险机制。2016年,全国15个城市和两个重点省份启动长期护理保险制度试点,探索建立以社会互助共济方式筹集资金,为长期失能人员的基本生活照料和与基本生活密切相关的医疗护理提供资金或服务保障的社会保险制度。

效果:先行先试,效益初显

“陈银香这个阿姨我要表扬的,服务很周到,工作技能优秀,能说会道,我妈妈很开心。”嘉兴市南湖区97岁的老人钱银宝今年4月开始成为当地试行长护险对象中的一员,护理员陈银香每周三次上门为其护理,帮老人擦身、洗头、洗脚、剪指甲、锻炼肌肉等。

在嘉兴,像钱银宝这样享受上门护理的长护险对象有6835人,每人每年缴纳120元(其中个人缴纳30元),就能在家享受到基金支付最高14400元/年的专业上门护理服务。如果老人选择去养老/残疾托养机构,则能享受到基金支付最高25200元/年的护理服务;如果老人需要去24小时医疗机构,最高可享受到基金支付20160元/年。

“我们的长护险为失能人员提供的是实实在在的护理服务项目,而不是货币救助。”嘉兴市医保局副局长王保国介绍,当地长护险中的护理服务项目是强制性的,目的在于让失能老人真正享受到专业照护,同时引导培育出护理市场。没有实施长护险之前,嘉兴没有一位能上门服务的养老护理员,发展至今已经有160多位了。

政府主导,互助共济。长护险不光覆盖老年人群,还兼顾有其他年龄段的失能人群。在江西上饶福海养老院,记者见到了37岁的失能人员小周他因为意外脑部以下全部瘫痪,无法说话、连吃饭都需要人用小勺送到口腔深部。小周的母亲护理了他十多年,实在不堪重负,这才将他送到护理机构。

加入上饶长护险后,小周家人每年为其缴纳40元的长护险金,目前能享受1080元/月、12960元/年的护理补贴,据了解,下一步城乡居民扩面后,上饶待遇标准将提高,以小周为例,机构护理补助标准将提高到1200元/月、14400元/年的护理补贴。

同时,在经济欠发达地区,长期护理保险制度还肩负助推精准扶贫功能。上饶市医疗保障局党组成员、医疗保险局局长郑寿庆说,长护险对于拥有失能成员的家庭,除了给予钱、物、护理服务的补贴,还会免费为志愿者做护理员培训,为其提供劳动技能,掌握后便能为护理机构服务,一年一万多块钱,绝对能脱贫了。

期待:“老有所护”或将惠及更多老人

2019年全国两会,政府工作报告首提“扩大长期护理保险制度试点”。今年9月23日,民政部印发《关于进一步扩大养老服务供给促进养老服务消费的实施意见》,强调扩大长期护理保险制度试点,鼓励发展商业长期护理保险产品。长护险推广已是大势所趋。

从嘉兴、上饶两地的试行成果看,长护险能够缓解失能人员的家庭负担,增强群众的获得感和幸福感;同时有望以支付方式撬动一系列养老产业链,较好地促进当地护理产业的发展。

有长期护理保险制度加持,医疗保险制度基金的运行也减轻了一定压力,比如上饶764名长护险人群享受长护险项目一年,住院率下降了36.8%,人均医保基金支出下降了40%。

但业内人士分析,试点还存在着缺乏统一框架,导致制度碎片化、难以持续,也限制了长护险需求的释放,影响了社会力量举办机构的积极性;同时,要想打通长期照护从筹资到支付到服务供给,还需要建立统一的失能评估标准;参与各地长护险建设的泰康、国寿、太平洋等多家商业保险公司,也应充分发挥经办专业优势,不仅要完善社会化经办的服务规程,还要尝试打造长护险信息系统的建设标准。

全国政协人口资源环境委员会副主任王培安认为,在初期筹资水平不高的情况下,长护险制度应该坚持基本可持续,与社会养老衔接,推动长护险与家庭赡养、社会福利的衔接,同时发挥社会保险适度普惠的作用。

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    2021-07-14 ms4000002039351477

    长期医疗照护险主要包括哪些项目呢?

    0

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    2020-12-22 lovetcm
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    2019-10-06 feifers

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