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肾脏组织RAS与临床

2016-05-09 林善锬 UMED

●○●< 肾脏组织RAS与临床 >●○● 复旦大学华山医院    林善锬 肾脏组织RAS被人们最早认识 在组织RAS研究中,肾脏组织被人们认识的最早,了解的也最多。这部分是因为肾脏与高血压密切相关,更因为应用微穿刺方法可以直接取到肾小管各段的液体借以分析对比血中相对浓度及成分。再者,还可以由同时收集到的尿液进一步对比变化,了解无法微穿刺到的部分

●○●< 肾脏组织RAS与临床 >●○●
复旦大学华山医院    林善锬

肾脏组织RAS被人们最早认识

在组织RAS研究中,肾脏组织被人们认识的最早,了解的也最多。这部分是因为肾脏与高血压密切相关,更因为应用微穿刺方法可以直接取到肾小管各段的液体借以分析对比血中相对浓度及成分。再者,还可以由同时收集到的尿液进一步对比变化,了解无法微穿刺到的部分可能参与的程度,同时探讨可否应用尿中测得RAS某成分判断肾组织RAS兴奋程度,以作为临床治疗参考。 除肾以外,心脏RAS也被较深入研究。近来对脂肪组织,骨髓组织,胰岛组织以及脑组织等研究也有长足的进展。它们都对了解相应器官疾病的发生、发展提供了十分有意义的方向。

肾脏组织RAS极为丰富

肾脏组织RAS极为丰富。近端小管刷状缘分布有极丰富的ACE(血管紧张素转换酶),其总量大约为肺中的2/3。近端小管细胞也有大量血管紧张素原。从邻近来的肾素经与前述成分作用后可以产生大量AngII。从亨利氏攀往下到远段小管,可以发现又有大量肾素及其受体,下行的血管紧张素原在此又一次与局部的肾素作用产生大量AngII。 为了探讨肾小管如此丰富的血管紧张素原的来处,有人连续静脉滴注血管紧张素原48 小时观察该处量的变化,结果小管细胞血管紧张素原仅仅增加不超过15%,说明仅少数血管紧张素原来自全身血循环。


图(1)肾脏小管组织RAS

由于血管紧张素原分子量较大,一般不从肾小球滤过,所以有人应用尿中血管紧张素原作为肾脏组织RAS兴奋的指标以及评定RAS抑制程度等,在众多病理情况下得到结果可以作为参考。 另外,对比动脉血AngII和肾小管末端获得的AngII浓度差异,发现在大鼠中相差可达4-800 倍。在其他动物(狗,羊等)相差程度没有如此大,但也可达到数十倍之多。 

肾脏组织RAS中哪个成分对高血压起最重要作用?

肾脏组织RAS各成分中究竟哪个成分对高血压起最重要作用? 有人应用组织特殊基因打靶技术将肾小管上ACE基因敲除,以后静脉持续注射AngII。结果肾脏缺乏ACE的动物不再出现高血压。检查所有涉及肾脏对钠重吸收的各通道(NCC),转运子(NACC2),上皮钠通道(eNaC),盐皮质激素受体(MR)等等都显示对钠重吸收大大减少。该实验雄辩地说明肾脏组织中ACE在RAS兴奋引起高血压的重要地位,同时再一次证明肾脏对钠盐的重吸收过多是RAS导致高血压的根本。(ConzalezR et al JCI 123;5 2013)

图(2)两组血压改变不同
ACE10/10:肾脏ACE敲除组;WT:对照组


图(3)肾脏小管ACE敲除后各种与钠重吸收的离子通道等基因表达都下降

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2034510, encodeId=8cb72034510bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=078582e28ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾脏组织#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82728, encryptionId=078582e28ab, topicName=肾脏组织)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Fri Dec 09 21:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91738, encodeId=aff191e3870, content=很详细,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85831338706, createdName=sy23.y-ok, createdTime=Fri Jul 01 21:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85579, encodeId=23f4855e914, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4e21675717, createdName=卡莲, createdTime=Thu May 12 10:19:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85305, encodeId=325785305ce, content=学习了,希望有新的突破!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 12:41:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-01 sy23.y-ok

    很详细,受益匪浅

    0

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    2016-05-12 卡莲

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-05-10 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,希望有新的突破!

    0

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