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NEJM: 恢复期血浆真的能有效对抗埃博拉病毒吗?

2016-01-07 MedSci MedSci原创

在一些非洲国家最近爆发埃博拉病毒(EVD)后,WHO推荐优先使用来源于已治愈患者的恢复期血浆来治疗。研究人员评估了恢复期血浆在几内亚治疗EVD患者的安全性和有效性。

在一些非洲国家最近爆发埃博拉病毒(EVD)后,WHO推荐优先使用来源于已治愈患者的恢复期血浆来治疗。研究人员评估了恢复期血浆在几内亚治疗EVD患者的安全性和有效性。

采用非随机对照研究,共纳入了99名不同年龄(包括孕妇)的EVD患者,连续两次接受20-250毫升 ABO血型相容的恢复期血浆治疗,每单位血浆都是从一名独立的治愈患者所得。患者在EVD确诊时或确诊2天后开始接受输血。患者开始接受治疗时其血浆中的抗埃博拉病毒的中和抗体的水平是未知的。对照组为418名在过去的5个月内在此中心接受治疗的患者。主要结果为患者诊断后3-16天之间的死亡风险(已校正年龄和基线周期阈值);排除诊断后3天内死亡的患者。临床上重要的差异定义为与对照组相比接受恢复期血浆治疗患者的绝对死亡率下降了20%。

主要分析了84名接受恢复期血浆治疗的患者。基线时期,与对照组相比,接受恢复期血浆治疗的患者体内的周期阈值稍高,而且症状持续时间也较短,同时眼睛发红、吞咽困难的发生率也较高。确诊后3-16天期间,接受恢复期血浆治疗的患者的死亡风险为31%,而对照组为38%(风险差异,−7%;95% CI为−18到4)。校正年龄和周期阈值后,差异变小(校正后的风险差异,−3%;95% CI,−13到8)。研究观察到,患者严重不良反应与恢复期血浆的使用之间无关。

总而言之,该研究发现84名EVD患者接受500毫升的恢复期血浆治疗及其体内未确定的中和抗体的水平并不能显著改善患者的生存率。

原始出处:

Johan van Griensven, Tansy Edwards, et al.. Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma for Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea.  N Engl J Med 2016; 374:33-42January 7, 2016DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511812.

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