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2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓,颁发给温度和触觉感受器领域两名科学家

2021-10-04 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

今年的诺贝尔医学奖授予美国人 David Julius 和出生于黎巴嫩的研究员 Ardem Patapoutian,因为他们发现了人体温度和触觉感受器。 这是由斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡学院宣布的。 这些知

10月4日,瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布,将2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国科学家戴维·朱利叶斯(David Julius)和出生于黎巴嫩的研究员阿登·帕塔普蒂安(Ardem Patapoutian),以表彰他们在“发现温度和触觉感受器”方面作出的突出贡献。 这些知识用于开发一系列疾病的治疗方法,包括慢性疼痛。奖金额度达1000 万瑞典克朗(约合115万美元)。此次诺奖被成功预测,见:2021年诺贝尔奖花落谁家?最新预测结果在这里!

链接:120年诺贝尔生理或医学奖汇总(1901-2021)

该委员会表示,今年诺贝尔奖获得者的突破性发现“使我们能够了解热、冷和机械力如何触发神经冲动,使我们能够感知和适应周围的世界”。Julius 和 Patapoutian 的工作在他们的发现之前被认为是开创性的, 研究人员使用压敏细胞发现了一类新的传感器,可以对皮肤和内脏器官的机械刺激做出反应。两位获奖者指出,在我们理解感官与环境之间复杂的相互作用时,存在着关键的缺失环节。

David Julius 使用辣椒素(一种由辣椒制成的热化合物,会引起灼热感)来识别皮肤神经末梢中对热有反应的传感器。 使用压敏细胞,Ardem Patapoutian 发现了一类新的传感器,可以对皮肤和内脏器官的机械刺激做出反应。 他出生于贝鲁特,十几岁时来到洛杉矶,目前在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚的斯克里普斯研究所从事研究。

据诺贝尔官网介绍,戴维·朱利叶斯1955年出生于美国纽约。1984年,他在加州大学伯克利分校获得博士学位,并在纽约哥伦比亚大学成为博士后。戴维·朱利叶斯于1989年受聘于加州大学旧金山分校,目前是该校的教授。

阿登·帕塔普蒂安1967年出生于黎巴嫩贝鲁特。年轻时,他从饱受战争蹂躏的贝鲁特搬到美国洛杉矶,并于1996年获得了美国帕萨迪纳加州理工学院的博士学位。他是加州大学旧金山分校的博士后研究员。自2000年以来,他任职于加州拉霍亚的斯克里普斯研究中心,目前是该中心的教授。2014年以来,他也是霍华德·休斯医学研究所的研究员。

关键发表作品:

Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen TA, Levine JD, Julius D. The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997:389:816-824.

Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum AI, Julius D. The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron 1998:21:531-543.

Caterina MJ, Leffler A, Malmberg AB, Martin WJ, Trafton J, Petersen-Zeitz KR, Koltzenburg M, Basbaum AI, Julius D. Impaired nociception and pain sensation in mice lacking the capsaicin receptor. Science 2000:288:306-313

McKemy DD, Neuhausser WM, Julius D. Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 2002:416:52-58

Peier AM, Moqrich A, Hergarden AC, Reeve AJ, Andersson DA, Story GM, Earley TJ, Dragoni I, McIntyre P, Bevan S, Patapoutian A. A TRP channel that senses cold stimuli and menthol. Cell 2002:108:705-715

Coste B, Mathur J, Schmidt M, Earley TJ, Ranade S, Petrus MJ, Dubin AE, Patapoutian A. Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels. Science 2010:330: 55-60

Ranade SS, Woo SH, Dubin AE, Moshourab RA, Wetzel C, Petrus M, Mathur J, Bégay V, Coste B, Mainquist J, Wilson AJ, Francisco AG, Reddy K, Qiu Z, Wood JN, Lewin GR, Patapoutian A. Piezo2 is the major transducer of mechanical forces for touch sensation in mice. Nature 2014:516:121-125

Woo S-H, Lukacs V, de Nooij JC, Zaytseva D, Criddle CR, Francisco A, Jessell TM, Wilkinson KA, Patapoutian A. Piezo2 is the principal mechonotransduction channel for proprioception. Nature Neuroscience 2015:18:1756-1762

今年对医疗专业人士来说最重要的奖项是一千万瑞典克朗(约合 98 万欧元)。 自 1901 年以来,已有 222 人获得诺贝尔医学奖,其中包括 12 位女性。 第一个是德国细菌学家埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林 (Emil Adolf von Behring),因为他发现了一种治疗白喉的方法。 1995 年,Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 是第一位也是迄今为止唯一一位获得该奖项的德国女性。 去年,Harvey J. Alter(美国)、Michael Houghton(英国)和 Charles M. Rice(美国)获得了该奖项。 他们为发现丙型肝炎病毒做出了重大贡献。

 

过去6年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主名单:

  2020年——美英三位科学家Harvey J。 Alter、Michael Houghton、Charles M。 Rice获奖,获奖理由是“发现丙型肝炎病毒”。

  2019年——美英三位科学家William G。 Kaelin Jr、Peter J。 Ratcliffe和Gregg L。 Semenza获奖,获奖理由是“发现了细胞如何感知和适应氧气的可用性”。

  2018年——美国科学家James P。 Allision和日本科学家Tasuku Honjo获奖,获奖理由是“发现了抑制负面免疫调节的癌症疗法”。

  2017年——三位美国科学家Jeffrey C。 Hall、Michael Rosbash和Michael W。 Young获奖,获奖理由是“发现了调控昼夜节律的分子机制”。

  2016年——日本科学家Yoshinori Ohsumi获奖,获奖理由是“发现了细胞自噬机制。”

  2015年——中国科学家屠呦呦获奖,获奖理由是“有关疟疾新疗法的发现”;另外两位获奖科学家为爱尔兰的William C。 Campbell和日本的Satoshi Omura,获奖理由是“有关蛔虫寄生虫感染新疗法的发现”。

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    2021-10-04 神盾医疗局局长Jack

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