Baidu
map

Nat Genet:“跳跃基因”助长癌症

2019-04-04 佚名 生物探索

“跳跃基因”(jumping genes)又被称为转座因子,它是一种可以改变其在基因组中位置的DNA序列。跳跃基因可能会产生突变,亦或是逆转突变,细胞的遗传特性和基因组大小会因此而改变。而DNA如果发生变异则可能会促进癌症的发展。

“跳跃基因”(jumping genes)又被称为转座因子,它是一种可以改变其在基因组中位置的DNA序列。跳跃基因可能会产生突变,亦或是逆转突变,细胞的遗传特性和基因组大小会因此而改变。而DNA如果发生变异则可能会促进癌症的发展。

难以确定的“跳跃基因”

在漫长的人类进化过程中,“跳跃基因”被随机整合到人体的基因组中,据不完全统计哺乳动物体内一般却含有几十万数量的跳跃基因DNA。由于跳跃基因并不等同于突变,它们不能被传统的癌症基因组测序所识别,所以人们很难判断“跳跃基因”的存在,或者是出现的时间和地点。近日,圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院的一项新研究,在很大程度上暗示了一种在肿瘤生长过程中被称为“跳跃基因”的遗传现象。这项研究发表在的Nature Genetics杂志上。

跳跃基因的进化历史是目前许多研究的主题,普遍认为病毒感染在它们的起源中扮演着重要的角色。因此,这项研究为未来可能针对此类基因的癌症疗法开辟了新的研究方向。

所有肿瘤中都能找到“跳跃基因”

由桑福德大学的Ting Wang和Karen P. Loewentheil等杰出医学教授领导的研究人员探索了基因组数据库,专门寻找那些 “跳跃基因”推动癌症生长的肿瘤。



跳跃基因为肺癌细胞系中的致癌基因提供了真正的启动子 图片来源:10.1038/s41588-019-0373-3

Ting Wang和他的同事们发现,许多癌症都会过度增长并促进肿瘤生长,在这些癌症中“跳跃基因”就像是一种隐形的开关,这些神秘的开关可以迫使基因一直处于开启状态,即使它应该关闭。

研究人员表示:“如果你进行典型的基因组测序,寻找导致癌症的基因突变,你不会发现跳跃基因。与其他癌症类型相比,跳跃基因在某些癌症类型中更为重要,但平均而言我们发现,所有的肿瘤都至少有一种跳跃基因能激活癌症基因。”

这是很重要的信息,因为这些肿瘤往往具有侵略性,所以如果医生能提前知道这一点,他们可能会采取更积极地治疗策略。这也为未来的癌症治疗提供了新的研究目标。

Ting Wang和他的同事研究了癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)项目的一部分,他们收集了涉及15种癌症类型的7769个肿瘤样本。研究人员发现,在3864个肿瘤(包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌结肠癌、皮肤癌和脑癌)中,共有129个跳跃基因充当着106个癌症基因的隐形开关。

虽然“跳跃基因”存在于各种癌症中,但它们的重要性因肿瘤类型的不同而大不相同。例如,12%的胶质瘤(一种脑癌)中至少有一个“跳跃基因”被激活。相比之下,87%的肺鳞状细胞癌都包含“跳跃基因”。

迈出跳跃基因研究的第一步



Ting Wang(右),研究生Hyo Sik Jang(中)和Nakul M. Shah 图片来源:Matt Miller /华盛顿大学医学院

研究人员表示,该研究在基于对基因调控而非突变的理解基础上开辟的癌症治疗研究的新途径。他们发现,作为隐形开关的跳跃基因最常发生在DNA处于开放的状态,这意味着特定区域的DNA会失去一些调控功能。基因组的这些部分不再像它们应该的那样被关闭。因此,寻找一种方法来锁定那些不适当开放的DNA,可能会有助于新型癌症药物的诞生。

这项研究提供的信息可以帮助医生预测病人的预后。例如,具有转座因子的肿瘤比那些缺乏这种类型的癌症基因激活的肿瘤更具侵略性,这些信息可以指导已有的治疗策略选择。

许多转座因子在我们的基因组中所做的事情仍然是一个谜。这项研究首次详细概述了它们在癌症中的重要作用。我们希望这项研究能为科学家研究癌症疗法的发展提供新的途径。利用基因调控的知识,我们希望找到方法来关闭这些驱动肿瘤生长的跳跃基因。

原始出处:

Hyo Sik Jang, Nakul M. Shah, Alan Y. Du, et al. Transposable elements drive widespread expression of oncogenes in human cancers. Nature Geneticsvolume 51, pages611–617 (2019).

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734125, encodeId=9e141e34125bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883655, encodeId=f4d91883655d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Oct 04 12:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049168, encodeId=3b50204916849, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 01:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686286, encodeId=f14a168628670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 14:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-03 canlab
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734125, encodeId=9e141e34125bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883655, encodeId=f4d91883655d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Oct 04 12:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049168, encodeId=3b50204916849, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 01:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686286, encodeId=f14a168628670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 14:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-10-04 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734125, encodeId=9e141e34125bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883655, encodeId=f4d91883655d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Oct 04 12:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049168, encodeId=3b50204916849, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 01:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686286, encodeId=f14a168628670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 14:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-03-05 cy0324
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734125, encodeId=9e141e34125bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 01:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883655, encodeId=f4d91883655d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Oct 04 12:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049168, encodeId=3b50204916849, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Mar 05 01:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686286, encodeId=f14a168628670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 14:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map