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J Thorac Oncol:OAK研究再分析:NSCLC进展后继续阿替利珠单抗治疗仍可获益

2018-12-17 月下荷花 肿瘤资讯

癌症免疫治疗可以改变肿瘤生物学,即便影像学进展时,治疗仍可能发挥作用。随机III期OAK研究中,进展期NSCLC接受阿替利珠单抗或多西他赛治疗,阿替利珠单抗治疗患者总生存(OS)获益,但客观反应率(ORR)或无进展生存(PFS)无改善。美国Gandara教授在J Thorac Oncol杂志上发文,对OAK研究进一步分析,结果表明进展后继续阿替利珠单抗治疗有良好的获益-风险比。

癌症免疫治疗可以改变肿瘤生物学,即便影像学进展时,治疗仍可能发挥作用。随机III期OAK研究中,进展期NSCLC接受阿替利珠单抗或多西他赛治疗,阿替利珠单抗治疗患者总生存(OS)获益,但客观反应率(ORR)或无进展生存(PFS)无改善。美国Gandara教授在J Thorac Oncol杂志上发文,对OAK研究进一步分析,结果表明进展后继续阿替利珠单抗治疗有良好的获益-风险比。

研究背景:阿替利珠单抗是人源化单克隆抗体,阻止PD-L1与PD-1和B7.1受体相互作用,恢复受抑免疫系统,杀灭癌细胞,增加免疫反应。该效应可能会改变肿瘤生物学,表现为先出现影像学疾病进展(PD),然后才显露抗癌有效性。因此,临床研究中RECIST v1.1 PD时,如果研究者认为仍有临床获益且无不可接受毒性时,可继续阿替利珠单抗治疗。

RECIST v1.1 PFS和ORR并不能完全替代免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的OS获益,因此近期开始应用免疫RECIST和免疫调整RECIST(imRECIST)。阿替利珠单抗和多西他赛治疗进展期NSCLC 的III期OAK研究中,就存在PFS/ORR和OS获益不一致,其他PD-L1/PD-1抑制剂研究中也存在同样问题,提示阿替利珠单抗可能存在进展后治疗(TBP)作用,但需明确患者亚组特征以更好的理解终点的不一致性,同时明确TBP的有效性和安全性。

研究方法:对OAK研究中的850例患者进行评估(图1),阿替利珠单抗持续治疗至临床获益消失,多西他赛持续治疗至RECIST v1.1 PD或不可接受毒性,多西他赛组患者不允许交叉至阿替利珠单抗组。主要评估ORR、PFS、PD后OS、靶损害变化和安全性。


图1.OAK研究中阿替利珠单抗和多西他赛治疗RECIST v1.1 PD后的患者分布

研究结果:阿替利珠单抗组患者,按照imRECIST和RECIST v1.1,ORR分别为16%和14%,中位PFS分别为4.2和2.8个月。中位PD后OS,阿替利珠单抗组168例TBP患者12.7个月,94例非研究方案治疗(NPT)患者8.8个月,70例未再治疗患者2.2 个月(图2、4)。阿替利珠单抗TBP患者中,7%获得PD后靶损害反应,49%靶损害稳定(图3),阿替利珠单抗TBP不增加安全性风险。


图2.OAK研究中阿替利珠单抗和多西他赛治疗患者PD后的OS



图3.PD后阿替利珠单抗的抗肿瘤活性。(A)阿替利珠单抗TBP患者靶损害减少最大值的瀑布图,Bar代表PD-L1表达;(B)阿替利珠单抗TBP,靶损害减少≥30%患者蜘蛛图;(C)阿替利珠单抗TBP,靶损害改变介于+20%至-30%患者蜘蛛图;(D)阿替利珠单抗TBP,靶损害增加≥20%患者蜘蛛图


图4.阿替利珠单抗和多西他赛患者PD后不同后续治疗的OS。(A)阿替利珠单抗组继续阿替利珠单抗或NPT或无治疗患者;(B)多西他赛组接受任何NPT或无治疗患者;(C)多西他赛组PD后接受免疫治疗或非免疫治疗患者


图5.阿替利珠单抗组患者PD前后治疗相关副反应。(A)全因和严重不良事件以及特殊不良事件;(B)治疗相关副反应

讨论:这项分析拟明确OAK研究中初次疾病进展后接受不同治疗患者的结果,从而更好的理解阿替利珠单抗二/三线治疗NSCLC时,影像学终点和OS的不一致性;评估阿替利珠单抗TBP和其它治疗的获益-风险比。OAK及其他研究显示,阿替利珠单抗单药治疗的OS和PFS获益并无直接关联,其他免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗研究亦是如此。癌症免疫治疗时的肿瘤免疫浸润增加和延迟反应可能与肿瘤的非经典进展模式有关,因此PFS或ORR不能完全代表OS。进展后生存期延长(PPPS),指PD后OS的继续获益,最初用于EGFR抑制剂治疗,为临床研究中探索阿替利珠单抗TBP提供了合理性。

这项分析着重研究了阿替利珠单抗TBP亚组的PD后影像学变化。PD后分析显示,多数患者保持稳定或出现靶损害治疗反应,少有病例为持续反应。PD后靶损害的变化不能解释新病灶生长,不过12例PD后靶损害反应者中只有3例出现新损害或非靶损害进展,事件多发生于初始进展的36周后。PD后肿瘤评估结果提示,阿替利珠单抗TBP具有继续抗肿瘤作用,可减慢甚至抑制肿瘤生长,但明显的PD后肿瘤缩小少见,此点符合OAK研究中imRECIST判定的ORR略高于RECIST v1.1判定的ORR。

阿替利珠单抗TBP患者的的中位PD后OS为12.7个月,对比历史上二/三线化疗的5-10个月生存,提示阿替利珠单抗TBP患者的结果更好。将PD后靶损害有治疗反应者从阿替利珠单抗TBP组移除后,得到相似的PD后OS,提示OS延长并非只是源于PD后有治疗反应者。NPT患者的PD后OS只有8.8个月,对比阿替利珠单抗TBP结果时需注意二者并非随机对照。

阿替利珠单抗TBP标准主要是研究者评估的继续临床获益,因此阿替利珠单抗TBP患者的临床状态较好,可以后续NPT患者的临床状态也较好,状态好通常提示病情不会在短期内恶化。未接受PD后治疗患者的PD后OS只有2.2个月,这可能反应了患者更差的临床状态,不再适合进一步治疗。

多西他赛组PD后接受后续NPT患者的OS优于停止治疗者,因OAK研究中多西他赛组患者PD时需停止研究治疗,所以多西他赛TBP的疗效无法评估,因此不清楚PPPS对阿替利珠单抗或其它免疫治疗是否具有特异性。多西他赛组患者PD后OS,转为免疫治疗时17.3个月(图4),提示免疫治疗可延长OS,但因患者数量有限,尚不能说明其OS获益优于阿替利珠单抗治疗,亦不能得出最佳治疗顺序的结论。此外7例阿替利珠单抗组患者PD后转为其它免疫治疗,也获得较长的PD后OS,因患者数量少,也不能得出结论。

阿替利珠单抗耐受良好,阿替利珠单抗TBP并不增加安全性风险(图5)。阿替利珠单抗TBP的患者需PD前未发生不可控的治疗相关毒性,这可能降低了PD后免疫治疗的毒性风险。

阿替利珠单抗TBP的有效性和安全性提示, NSCLC患者RECIST v1.1 PD时,如果医师判定其临床状态良好,则患者可有良好的获益-风险比,这与以往研究结论相符,即RECISTv1.1终点不能充分体现NSCLC二线阿替利珠单抗治疗的临床获益。上述结果还需前瞻性研究证实。

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    2019-08-15 yyj062
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    2019-09-24 minlingfeng
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    2018-12-17 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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