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NCC:长程局部溶栓术治疗脑静脉血栓形成

2018-09-25 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

脑静脉血栓形成的死亡率为6 - 10%,死亡主要原因为高颅压和脑实质出血。及时全身抗凝是一线治疗方案。然而,10 - 20%的患者尽管采取了内科治疗病情仍会恶化或症状性高颅压。AHA/ASA指南认为,积极抗凝基础上仍然恶化的患者可以考虑血管内治疗(IIb,C)。当前,血管内治疗的方案为一次短程的直接药物溶栓和机械性血栓切除术。不过,经静脉一次短程的血管内手术并不能总是达到成功再通,尽管采取了血管内


脑静脉血栓形成的死亡率为6 - 10%,死亡主要原因为高颅压和脑实质出血。及时全身抗凝是一线治疗方案。然而,10 - 20%的患者尽管采取了内科治疗病情仍会恶化或症状性高颅压。AHA/ASA指南认为,积极抗凝基础上仍然恶化的患者可以考虑血管内治疗(IIb,C)。当前,血管内治疗的方案为一次短程的直接药物溶栓和机械性血栓切除术。不过,经静脉一次短程的血管内手术并不能总是达到成功再通,尽管采取了血管内治疗死亡率仍高达30%。在缺乏直接对比证据的情况下,目前尚不清楚长程经静脉输注溶栓药物的作用,特别是大家非常关心1.大剂量溶栓药物和颅内出血以及全身出血的关系;2.手术中凝血酶产生和血小板活化将产生富含血小板的血栓,这种血栓可能对溶栓药物无反应。

2018年8月来自美国的Adnan I. Qureshi等在Neurocritical Care上公布了他们的研究结果,探讨了血管内治疗无效的脑静脉血栓形成患者采用长程微导管局部溶栓术的疗效。

该研究为前瞻性登记回顾性调查,收集了3家医院的数据,纳入了经过经静脉血管内治疗的脑静脉血栓形成患者,但是没有再通或者再通不佳。这些患者经微导管局部长时间输注溶栓药物,阿替普酶按照0.5 - 1mg/h的速度输注。

治疗过程中需要进行多次血管造影评价治疗的效果:0级,无再通;1级,一个或多个静脉窦部分再通,血流改善或分支显影;2级,一个静脉窦完全再通,其他静脉窦持续闭塞(2A为无残留血流[no residual flow],2B为非闭塞血流[nonocclusive flow]);3级,完全再通。临床终点为1-3个月mRS。

14例患者进行了15次经静脉血管内治疗。其中12次手术的效果不佳:5次无再通(0级),4次部分再通(1级),3次为一个静脉窦完全再通,其他静脉窦持续闭塞(2级)(2次为2A级,1次为2B级)。15次手术中10次手术随后进行了长程微导管局部rtPA输注,平均持续时间为18h(13 - 22h)。复查造影显示4次手术达到完全再通,6次手术部分再通的分级得到改善(3次最终分级为2A,3次为2B)。没有一例患者新发局部溶栓相关性症状性颅内出血。随访时,10次手术中5例患者mRS 0分,1例患者mRS 1分(无神经功能缺损,但遗留头痛)。

最终作者认为对于经静脉血管内治疗反应不佳的脑静脉血栓形成患者,长程微导管局部输注溶栓药物是有效的,无额外的不良事件。

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    2018-10-13 xue8602
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    2019-01-26 fusion
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    2018-09-27 chg122
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    2018-09-25 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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