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Cell:热休克诱发细胞内蛋白质聚集的分子机理

2015-09-16 佚名 生物谷

当细胞暴露于较高非致死性的温度下时,细胞内的蛋白质聚集体就会形成,这似乎是对压力产生反应的一种表现形式,但损伤蛋白的积累似乎并不会在形成过程中被破坏;近日刊登在国际杂志Cell上的一项研究论文中,来自芝加哥大学和哈佛大学的研究人员通过研究发现,当细胞回归到正常温度下时,这种蛋白聚集可以被完全逆转恢复,聚集的蛋白质会被解开重新恢复其正常的功能,本文研究为揭示蛋白质聚集的生物学本质提供了新的思路。尽管

当细胞暴露于较高非致死性的温度下时,细胞内的蛋白质聚集体就会形成,这似乎是对压力产生反应的一种表现形式,但损伤蛋白的积累似乎并不会在形成过程中被破坏;近日刊登在国际杂志Cell上的一项研究论文中,来自芝加哥大学和哈佛大学的研究人员通过研究发现,当细胞回归到正常温度下时,这种蛋白聚集可以被完全逆转恢复,聚集的蛋白质会被解开重新恢复其正常的功能,本文研究为揭示蛋白质聚集的生物学本质提供了新的思路。

尽管研究者们进行了很多年的研究,但他们似乎都不能解释为何细胞会对热休克产生反应,当细胞暴露于压力条件下时,某些细胞蛋白就会聚集形成名为应激颗粒(stress granules)的大块结构;对突变细胞系的研究表明,特殊类型的应激颗粒可以被细胞及其蛋白组分的重新恢复而破坏。为了深入研究热休克对天然蛋白群体的影响,研究者Drummond及其同事利用一种新型技术设备同时追踪了计划1000种不同的酵母细胞成熟蛋白质,研究小组将细胞暴露于30度(正常)至46度(严重热休克状态)之间,暴露时间2-8分钟,随后利用质谱法等工具测定了细胞内蛋白质的聚集情况。

随后研究者鉴别出了对热休克产生反应聚集的超过175种不同的蛋白质,大约有六分之一的蛋白质被进行了测定,而且是之前测定的10倍;特殊的蛋白质可以在特殊及分离的细胞位置形成应激颗粒,然而研究小组还发现,在很多情况下蛋白聚集会发生,但应激颗粒却不会产生,这就表明蛋白聚集和应激颗粒的形成具有相关性,但彼此缺失独立的过程。

基于此前的研究基础,研究者推测表示,在热休克过程蛋白质聚集的主要目的就是对细胞工厂重新改造,重点关注于压力过程中蛋白质的合成系统;在某些情况下蛋白质可以扮演自发的温度计和调节器,去感知温度以及进行自我组装来激活或失活某些细胞功能。Edward Wallace博士指出,热诱导的蛋白质聚集或许是适应性反应的一个标志,我们的研究从细胞器层面上阐明了这一点。

同时本文研究也提出了一些引人入胜的问题,比如蛋白质聚集的本质是什么?而且蛋白质聚集如何在多种神经变性疾病中发生的?目前研究人员正在努力研究来解释蛋白质聚集的生物学功能,尤其是其在细胞功能中的调节子的角色是如何扮演的,未来研究者还将通过更多研究来阐明蛋白质聚集发生的机制,或将为开发抵御人类疾病的新型疗法提供帮助。

原文出处:

Edward W.J. Wallace,et al.Reversible, Specific, Active Aggregates of Endogenous Proteins Assemble upon Heat Stress.cell.2015

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    2015-10-14 智智灵药
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