Baidu
map

人大代表建议加大财政支持阻断缺陷婴儿出生,你怎么看?

2015-03-14 华晔迪、傅勇涛、于文静 新华网

我国每年新增“缺陷婴儿”90万,这个沉重的数字意味着什么?沉重的家庭、社会负担!“缺陷婴儿”出生率过高,对一个国家经济发展、人口素质势必形成负面影响。全国两会上,多位人大代表建议通过加大财政支持,普及技术诊断,阻断“缺陷婴儿”出生。 重度“缺陷婴儿”抚养平均需109万元 一个“缺陷婴儿”对家庭和社会意味着什么?“重度‘缺陷婴儿’生命周期平均需要的抚养、医疗费用高达109万元。”全国

我国每年新增“缺陷婴儿”90万,这个沉重的数字意味着什么?沉重的家庭、社会负担!“缺陷婴儿”出生率过高,对一个国家经济发展、人口素质势必形成负面影响。全国两会上,多位人大代表建议通过加大财政支持,普及技术诊断,阻断“缺陷婴儿”出生。


重度“缺陷婴儿”抚养平均需109万元

一个“缺陷婴儿”对家庭和社会意味着什么?“重度‘缺陷婴儿’生命周期平均需要的抚养、医疗费用高达109万元。”全国人大代表、郴州市第一人民医院副院长雷冬竹说,“缺陷婴儿”通常体弱多病,死亡率非常高,即便长大,对社会和家庭也是沉重的负担。

出生缺陷是指婴儿出生前发生的身体结构、功能或代谢异常,通常包括先天畸形、染色体异常、遗传代谢性疾病、功能异常如盲、聋和智力障碍等。

“平均花费109万元!”湖南省卫生厅委托湖南省妇幼保健院所做的一项调查显示,严重出生缺陷患儿中除30%经早期诊断和治疗可以获得较好生活质量外,约30%出生后死亡,约40%将成为终生残疾。

2012年9月,当时的卫生部公布《中国出生缺陷防治报告》显示,我国出生缺陷总发生率约为5.6%,以全国年出生数1600万计算,每年新增出生缺陷约90万例,其中出生时临床明显可见的出生缺陷约25万例。

“这意味着每年全国有几十万家庭、近百万人口卷入到与病残长期相伴的人生痛苦中。”雷冬竹代表说。

面对1400元的诊断费用,很多人“听天由命”

雷冬竹所在的湖南省郴州市是常见的“出生缺陷”地中海贫血症高发地区,在医院组织的地贫患儿家长知识活动,她目睹和倾听了许多家庭因生下地贫婴儿陷入经济困境、一蹶不振的真实案例。

在雷冬竹等一些医疗界的人大代表看来,这些因“缺陷婴儿”带来的沉重社会负担,实际上是可以通过提前预防来避免,或者至少能够大幅降低。

以常见的出生缺陷先天愚型为例,在雷冬竹所在的郴州市第一人民医院,主要通过对孕妇实行产前筛查和产前诊断进行防治,孕妇首先要做的是费用为140元的产前筛查,这项检查已纳入医保报销范围;对于筛查出的10%高风险病例,则还需要进一步做产前诊断,此项目的费用为1400元,没有纳入医保,需要患者自掏腰包。

通过诊断,就能判断出这个胎儿是不是该生。以地中海贫血缺陷为例,“产前诊断获知胎儿的地贫基因信息,再与双亲地贫基因突变类型对照,从而可以诊断出胎儿是健康人、携带者或是地贫患者。如果是重型地贫患者,就可以选择终止妊娠,阻断其出生。”

然而,就因为这1400元的费用,很多人选择“听天由命”。雷冬竹告诉记者,这一方面与部分群众认识不足,观念陈旧有关,更重要的是与政府相关投入的不足有关;另一方面,产前筛查中大部分高危孕妇来自农村,1400元在当地相当于农村近三个月的“伙食费”,她们舍不得自费做产前诊断,从而错失早期干预机会。

事实上,雷冬竹针对先天愚型患儿所做调研也验证了上述观点。2010年至2014年间,郴州市先后出生509例染色体异常孩子,其中先天愚型194例,经随访因产筛异常却拒绝诊断的孕妇有5名最后生育了先天愚型婴儿。

“他”是否有权来到这个世界?选择权在母亲手里

全国人大代表、全国人大教科文卫委员会委员、国家卫计委科学技术研究所所长马旭表示,目前我国每年约有10万弃婴,其中99%为病残儿童。在今年的全国两会上,多位全国人大代表建议,通过财政支持普及缺陷技术诊断,阻断“缺陷婴儿”出生。

雷冬竹代表在她连提三年的建议中写道:通过产前诊断,可以诊断出胎儿是健康人、携带者或是缺陷患者,如果是重型缺陷胎儿,就可以选择终止妊娠,阻断其出生。

接受记者采访的人群,对此形成两派截然不同的观点:一种观点认为,重度缺陷婴儿对于社会和家庭不会产生任何贡献,纯粹只是一个“消费者”,对家庭、对社会、对国家,都是沉重的负担,应该通过技术手段,降低缺陷婴儿出生的可能性。

另一种观点则认为,无论缺陷与否,都是一条生命,应该给予生命足够的尊严和尊重,即便“他”是一个有瑕疵的生命,“他”也有权利来到这个世界,看看这个世界。

一位女全国政协委员在接受记者采访时就表示,作为一个母亲,出于本能,因为婴儿可能有缺陷而不让孩子出生,这个现实不能接受。在她看来,缺陷婴儿出生以后,只要社会做好了基本保障,孩子依然有机会顺利生存发展。“手脚残疾的孩子,可使用假肢,通过技能培训,自食其力,比如开网店等;智力残疾的孩子,需要关怀、照顾,社会应该负起责任,做好对这些孩子的保障。”这位委员说。

雷冬竹告诉记者,站在医生角度,她更多会看到缺陷婴儿孕妇家庭的实际困难,她希望因生下缺陷婴儿致贫的家庭越少越好;站在人大代表的角度,她会更多从百姓、社会、国家的利益出发,国家经济发展,人口素质提高,客观上需要降低“缺陷婴儿”出生率。

她建议加大财政支持力度,比如将诊断技术纳入医保范围,让孕妇不会因为钱的问题而失去选择的机会。“我们要做的,是用能我们掌握的所有技术和知识,尽可能客观、准确、全面地告诉孕妇,她的孩子是什么情况,但选择权,永远是在母亲的手里。”雷冬竹说。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710005, encodeId=a98a1e1000536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 23:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1914055, encodeId=8e9119140554b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=048124e61f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人大代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24761, encryptionId=048124e61f7, topicName=人大代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5462342, createdName=sunmin0219, createdTime=Wed May 06 07:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18348, encodeId=f79e18348d5, content=保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 14:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18329, encodeId=2f691832967, content=支持, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18318, encodeId=21d91831879, content=国家有钱吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 20:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710005, encodeId=a98a1e1000536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 23:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1914055, encodeId=8e9119140554b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=048124e61f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人大代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24761, encryptionId=048124e61f7, topicName=人大代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5462342, createdName=sunmin0219, createdTime=Wed May 06 07:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18348, encodeId=f79e18348d5, content=保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 14:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18329, encodeId=2f691832967, content=支持, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18318, encodeId=21d91831879, content=国家有钱吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 20:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710005, encodeId=a98a1e1000536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 23:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1914055, encodeId=8e9119140554b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=048124e61f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人大代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24761, encryptionId=048124e61f7, topicName=人大代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5462342, createdName=sunmin0219, createdTime=Wed May 06 07:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18348, encodeId=f79e18348d5, content=保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 14:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18329, encodeId=2f691832967, content=支持, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18318, encodeId=21d91831879, content=国家有钱吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 20:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-15 lovejing

    保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710005, encodeId=a98a1e1000536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 23:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1914055, encodeId=8e9119140554b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=048124e61f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人大代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24761, encryptionId=048124e61f7, topicName=人大代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5462342, createdName=sunmin0219, createdTime=Wed May 06 07:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18348, encodeId=f79e18348d5, content=保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 14:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18329, encodeId=2f691832967, content=支持, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18318, encodeId=21d91831879, content=国家有钱吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 20:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-15 zhouanxiu

    支持

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710005, encodeId=a98a1e1000536, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 23:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1914055, encodeId=8e9119140554b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=048124e61f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人大代表#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24761, encryptionId=048124e61f7, topicName=人大代表)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5462342, createdName=sunmin0219, createdTime=Wed May 06 07:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18348, encodeId=f79e18348d5, content=保护国民生命和健康安全是国家的责任吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 14:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18329, encodeId=2f691832967, content=支持, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=186, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18318, encodeId=21d91831879, content=国家有钱吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 20:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-14 medcardio

    国家有钱吗?

    0

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map