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PLoS One:研究发现咖啡因减缓老鼠大脑发育

2013-09-27 佚名 生物谷

人类和其他哺乳动物在青春期表现出特别密集的睡眠模式。大脑在这一时期也成熟的最快。但是,一项研究发现当青春期老鼠给予咖啡因后,它们大脑成熟过程被延迟。 在过去的30年中,儿童和年轻成人平均咖啡因的消耗增加70%多,并且这个“崛起”还远没有结束的倾向。咖啡因饮料的发展并不是每个人都感到高兴。有些人担心可能对年轻消费者引起健康风险。 对于这一辩论,研究人员现在增加了新

人类和其他哺乳动物在青春期表现出特别密集的睡眠模式。大脑在这一时期也成熟的最快。但是,一项研究发现当青春期老鼠给予咖啡因后,它们大脑成熟过程被延迟。

在过去的30年中,儿童和年轻成人平均咖啡因的消耗增加70%多,并且这个“崛起”还远没有结束的倾向。咖啡因饮料的发展并不是每个人都感到高兴。有些人担心可能对年轻消费者引起健康风险。

对于这一辩论,研究人员现在增加了新的论据。在最近发表的一项研究中,科学家发现在青春期老鼠给予相当于人类每天三到四杯咖啡的咖啡因摄入量,结果会导致老鼠深睡眠减少和大脑发育延迟。【原文下载】

在人类和大鼠中,深睡眠的持续时间和强度以及大脑中突触数量或连接在童年期间增加,在青春期达到了最高水平,成年再次下降。由于许多连接,儿童的大脑是极为可塑造的,当大脑在青春期开始成熟,大量的这些连接都将丢失。这种优化过程大概发生在深睡眠期间。关键突触延长,其它突触减少,这使得网络更高效和大脑更强大。

Huber的研究小组给予30日龄大鼠中等量的咖啡因,超过5天,并测量它们大脑产生的电流。深睡眠时期(其特点是慢波)从第31天开始减少,直至第42天,即这一时间段远远超出了咖啡因的服用时间段。而与饮用纯净水的大鼠相比,在研究结束时,研究人员发现喝含咖啡因的动物大脑中神经连接要多得多。

在大脑中较慢的成熟过程对行为也有影响:大鼠通常随着年龄的增长变得更加好奇,但进食咖啡因的老鼠会胆小和谨慎。

在青春期阶段,大脑经历一个微妙的成熟期,在这期间,许多精神疾病会突发。即使大鼠脑不同于人类的大脑,但大脑如何出现问题是有很多相似之处的。但对于儿童和青少年成人咖啡因的摄入是否真的是无害,或是否有必要放弃咖啡因的使用还需要继续开展这方面的研究。

原文下载

Olini N, Kurth S, Huber R.The effects of caffeine on sleep and maturational markers in the rat.PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4.

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    2014-04-20 仁医06
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    2013-09-29 neurowu
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