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王涛教授:激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌一线优先推荐CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗

2019-04-16 佚名 肿瘤资讯

激素受体阳性HER2阴性乳腺癌的治疗日新月异,靶向治疗如火如荼。CDK4/6抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂和mTOR抑制剂百花齐放。最引人注目的治疗方案就是CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案。那么对于CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案该何时选择,有哪些临床研究证据,相关的安全性怎么样?

激素受体阳性HER2阴性乳腺癌的治疗日新月异,靶向治疗如火如荼。CDK4/6抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂和mTOR抑制剂百花齐放。最引人注目的治疗方案就是CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案。那么对于CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案该何时选择,有哪些临床研究证据,相关的安全性怎么样?

MONALEESA系列研究解读

学术界认为2016年是CDK4/6抑制剂的元年,从那时开始,CDK4/6抑制剂正式登上了临床实践的舞台,治疗激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌。目前在全球范围内,共有三个CDK4/6抑制剂产品已上市,分别为ribociclib、哌柏西利(palbociclib)和abemaciclib。这三种CDK4/6抑制剂都开展各自系列的晚期乳腺癌治疗的临床研究,结果都非常令人振奋。以MONALEESA系列研究为例,该系列研究的药物是ribociclib。MONALEESA-2研究是ribociclib联合芳香化酶抑制剂(AI)一线治疗激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌,取得了很好的结果。三种CDK4/6抑制剂联合AI一线治疗激素受体阳性晚期乳腺癌的疗效令人瞩目,中位PFS延长到近2年,基本是AI单药治疗的2倍,客观有效率甚至超过50%。

激素受体阳性、HER2阴性乳腺癌总体生存期很长,面临治疗的需求,需要考虑一线治疗失败后的二线治疗。MONALEESA-3研究就是针对一线内分泌治疗失败的患者,二线采用ribociclib联合氟维司群治疗,PFS接近20个月,相较于PALOMA-3和MONARCH-2研究,PFS结果更为突出。三个CDK4/6抑制剂中,比较特别的是ribociclib开展了针对绝经前患者的MONALEESA-7研究,针对绝经前患者在抑制卵巢功能基础上ribociclib联合内分泌药物他莫昔芬或AI,也取得了非常好的结果,其治疗方案得到美国NCCN指南的推荐,也是三个CDK4/6抑制剂中唯一开展针对绝经前患者的临床研究药物。在乳腺癌领域,CDK4/6抑制剂目前是最火热的靶向药物,它也确实取得了非常好的成绩,一线治疗中三个药物都使得PFS延长到2年,二线治疗PFS在1.5年左右,极大地改善了患者生存期和生活质量。

临床应尽早使用CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案

从CDK4/6抑制剂的研发路程看,一线联合内分泌治疗针对的都是内分泌治疗敏感患者,PFS可以达到24个月。二线一般都是内分泌治疗继发耐药的患者,此时CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌的疗效相对较差,从这一结果看,显然提前使用CDK4/6抑制剂联合方案疗效会更好。下面主要谈一些自己的临床实践体会。

我们中心临床实践经验较多的是已经上市的CDK4/6抑制剂,但同时参加过其他CDK4/6抑制剂的临床研究。临床实践中,就PFS看,一线使用CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗的患者会更长,多次内分泌治疗失败后使用CDK4/6抑制剂时PFS明显缩短。但个别一直对内分泌治疗非常敏感的患者,尽管经历多线内分泌治疗后,每一线内分泌治疗仍可获益超过12个月,这样的患者采用CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗疗效也较好。

综上所述,对内分泌治疗敏感的人群选择CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗才有更多获益。当然在给每一位患者制定治疗策略时,既要考虑疗效,也要顾及安全性,不是所有患者一定都要进行内分泌加的治疗;一些肿瘤负荷非常低的患者,内分泌单药就已足够,不一定需要联合CDK4/6抑制剂。总之,我个人认为,对于绝大部分患者而言,CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗用于更前线,能够取得更好的疗效。

CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗的适应证

基于临床诊疗原则,所有激素受体阳性、HER2阴性的晚期乳腺癌都可以考虑CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗。但具体到每位患者个体时,就要考虑是否适合联合治疗,什么阶段采取联合治疗以及选择哪种内分泌药物联合。内分泌药物选择需要根据既往对内分泌治疗的反应来决定后续药物选择,并非固定不变,如在辅助内分泌治疗过程中芳香化酶抑制剂进展的患者,就可参考MONALEESA-3研究,一线选择ribociclib联合氟维司群治疗,这是因为AI辅助治疗已失败,再联合AI治疗,疗效不会很好,所以尽管是一线治疗,但仍需选择氟维司群联合治疗。

CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗的安全性管理

治疗选择时必须考虑不良反应,做好不良反应管理非常重要,是保证患者治疗依从性的主要因素,尽量减少由于不良反应管理不当导致患者过早停药的现象。临床研究显示,不同的CDK4/6抑制剂不良反应谱稍有不同,CDK4/6抑制剂的血液学不良反应集中在白细胞降低和粒细胞降低,因此必须做好监测,用药过程中每周检查血常规,或根据患者情况随时检查,当出现3度粒细胞减少或3度白细胞减少时,要及时停药,待恢复后再使用并考虑是否减量使用。abemaciclib导致的腹泻也要进行更好的管理。

做好不良反应的管理,首先需要对临床医生进行培训,只有临床医生对药物不良反应有了明确认识并了解如何处理才能更好地进行不良反应管理。临床医生在实践中,随着用药经验的不断积累,对患者管理也会更加游刃有余。其次,要将可能发生的不良反应告知患者,让患者也了解可能出现的不良反应以及出现不良反应后的应对措施,并及时联系主治医生。只有医患双方相互协调配合才能管理好不良反应,保证药物的顺利使用。

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    2019-08-12 soongzhihua
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    2019-08-04 jklm09
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    2019-09-20 gwc392
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    2019-04-18 zhouqu_8
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    2019-04-18 zhangj7111

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