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术中吸入氧浓度多少合适?

2021-12-28 麻醉逻辑 麻醉逻辑

对于一个没有肺部疾患的病人,做全麻时吸入氧浓度设置为多少?70%?50%?30%?或者是100%。看完本文你就了解了!

对于一个没有肺部疾患的病人,做全麻时吸入氧浓度设置为多少?70%50%30%?或者是100%

随着大量研究的发现,在保证充足的氧合情况下,吸入高浓度的氧气明显增加围术期肺不张的发生率,这个事实应该已经被所有麻醉医生接受。那么,术中应该保持吸入氧浓度多少合适?如果不能直接调节氧浓度,空气与氧气的混合比多少合适?

1、术中吸氧的目的是保证氧合与组织供氧。

前者通过血气中氧分压(PaO2)反应,后者术中能简单直接监测的是经皮指脉氧饱和度(SPO2)。为了充分满足组织的供氧,最好使SPO2=99-100%

通过查阅书籍和研究氧离曲线可得到:在正常情况下,刚达到SPO299%-100%时,PaO2160mmHg左右(此数据来源于清醒自主呼吸患者的数据,全麻后的肺不张可能需要适当提高PaO2)。

图片

数据来自《现代麻醉学》

2、现在的问题是,多少的吸入氧浓度(FiO2)能刚好达到PaO2=160mmHg左右?

继续分析,我们知道正常人肺的氧合指数为400-500,其中氧合指数=PaO2/FiO2。计算得到理论上应吸入氧浓度=160/500-160/400,即为32%-40%!

通常麻醉中均用纯氧吸入,但持久应用易产生氧中毒及麻醉后肺不张,现先进单位已改用氧浓度0.4-0.5吸入,更为合理。无论是自主呼吸还是肌肉松弛后行机械通气,麻醉都将导致肺功能受损。大部分受试者的血液氧合功能在麻醉后发生了损伤。在吸入气体中加入空气使吸入氧浓度维持在0.3-0.4已经成为惯例。

用肺活量方法使之前塌陷的肺组织再开放后,吸入纯氧行机械通气,会立即再次发生肺不张。而当肺通气使用含氧40%后,仅发生原来肺不张的20%。因此,麻醉期间机械通气应使用适当的吸入氧浓度(如FiO2 0.3-0.4),只有动脉氧合功能不好时才增加吸入氧浓度。

至此,理论与实践上均证明,正常情况下FiO230%-40%可满足氧合需要,同时可明显减少术中膨肺后肺不张的发生率。

当然,术中每位患者情况均不一样,均要求按照吸氧浓度40%可能并不合理。所以,我提出以下方法,滴定最适合患者的吸入氧浓度(以下方法最好在膨肺后进行):

1、有血气监测条件下,保证SPO2100%,逐渐降低FiO2直到PaO2150-200mmHg

2、无血气监测条件,可直接缓慢降低FiO2直至SPO2100%开始下降,适度上调并维持此FiO2

除此之外,国内有些低端麻醉机只能吸纯氧,有些可以进行空氧混合,但不能直接调节氧浓度,需要分别调节流量混合,此时的氧浓度可简单通过计算得到:

空气:氧气=1:1吸入氧浓度约60%2:1吸入氧浓度约47%3:1吸入氧浓度约40%

总结以下:

1、在无特殊情况下,双肺通气吸入氧浓度最好维持在30%-40%(推荐40%,至少50%以下)。如不能维持脉氧饱和度,可膨肺后进行滴定吸入氧浓度。

2、不能直接调节氧浓度者,混合空气与氧气比3:1左右较合适。

值得注意的是,适当降低吸入氧浓度应在能满足足够的氧分压基础上,氧合远比肺不张更重要。特别是在单肺通气或合并肺部疾病时,纯氧都可能很难维持满意的氧分压及饱和度。

虽在临床上打拼多年,但给患者的吸入氧浓度均在50%以上,从没有降到50%以下。此文通过独立思考与查阅,发现国外早已采用较低浓度吸氧。自己的认知也随之升级,希望予您收获!

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    2022-09-07 ms7000001108118949

    学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247707, encodeId=2e51124e70778, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dfbd8313500, createdName=ms7000001108118949, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 16:05:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1217806, encodeId=be6d121e806a2, content=以前全麻基本都是吸纯氧,也没有空气气源,现在条件改善,根据指南和参考文献,可以考虑0.3-0.4氧浓度吸入, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4f432690319, createdName=xuhy0096, createdTime=Sun May 08 10:52:30 CST 2022, time=2022-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208887, encodeId=efe6120888e30, content=二氧化碳可以通过钠石灰吸收,空气中的和惰性气体和氮气怎么办?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=44e91808507, createdName=ms3390490387930060, createdTime=Wed Apr 06 03:15:24 CST 2022, time=2022-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208886, encodeId=528a120888680, content=我想请教,紧闭式麻醉空气中的氮气如何排出?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=44e91808507, createdName=ms3390490387930060, createdTime=Wed Apr 06 03:13:03 CST 2022, time=2022-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1194605, encodeId=ee4611946055b, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c40a6387446, createdName=ms3000000376140643, createdTime=Thu Feb 17 21:59:14 CST 2022, time=2022-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1182739, encodeId=27e01182e39a5, content=已学习<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82ed95484, createdName=oooodoctor, createdTime=Mon Jan 10 09:10:07 CST 2022, time=2022-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544712, encodeId=87831544e127d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 30 01:11:10 CST 2021, time=2021-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-05-08 xuhy0096

    以前全麻基本都是吸纯氧,也没有空气气源,现在条件改善,根据指南和参考文献,可以考虑0.3-0.4氧浓度吸入

    0

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    2022-04-06 ms3390490387930060

    二氧化碳可以通过钠石灰吸收,空气中的和惰性气体和氮气怎么办?

    0

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    2022-04-06 ms3390490387930060

    我想请教,紧闭式麻醉空气中的氮气如何排出?

    0

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    2022-02-17 ms3000000376140643

    学习了

    0

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    2022-01-10 oooodoctor

    已学习#学习#

    0

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