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超声诊断脐带真结并顺产胎儿1例

2020-08-07 吴凤妹,董静,孙立 临床超声医学杂志

孕妇41岁,孕2产1,孕期血糖轻度增高,孕27周常规产科超声检查:单胎头位,双顶径77 mm,头围269 mm,腹围276 mm,股骨55 mm,肱骨49 mm,胎盘位于前壁,厚22 mm,成熟度Ⅰ+

孕妇41岁,孕2产1,孕期血糖轻度增高,孕27周常规产科超声检查:单胎头位,双顶径77 mm,头围269 mm,腹围276 mm,股骨55 mm,肱骨49 mm,胎盘位于前壁,厚22 mm,成熟度Ⅰ+级,羊水指数130;羊膜腔内可见部分脐带麻花样扭曲成团,多角度扫查似“8”字形缠绕,两根脐动脉及一根脐静脉血管内径正常,血流充盈良好(图1A),脐动脉血流动力学指标正常,收缩期最高血流速度与舒张期最低血流速度之比1.90 cm/s,搏动指数0.61,阻力指数0.47(图1B);探头弹压此处腹壁刺激产生胎动,扭曲段脐带无形态改变,考虑脐带打结可能;嘱孕妇外出走动20 min 后再次超声检查,该段脐带仍扭曲呈“8”字形,无松解;三维超声追踪脐带走行,高度怀疑脐带打结(图1C)。


图1 孕27周胎儿脐带声像图。A:CDFI图示脐带真结彩色血流;B:脐动脉多普勒频谱图;C:三维彩色多普勒成像图示脐带真结

嘱该孕妇每2 周超声随访一次,计数胎动。常规超声5 次随访,探查麻花样扭曲呈“8”字形的脐带形态无任何改变,胎儿生长监测、脐血管内径、脐动脉血流动力学及羊水指数均在正常范围。孕37+6 周,胎膜自破,头位急产顺产一男婴,外观正常,体质量3200 g,Apgar评分10分,胎盘娩出完整,脐带胎盘插入部位于胎盘胎儿面中央,脐带长50 cm,中部见一脐带真结(图2)。


图2 脐带真结胎儿产后脐带大体图

讨论

脐带真结较罕见,发生率为0.4%,是脐带走行异常或脐带过长在宫内形成环套,胎儿活动穿越环套所致,往往引起不同程度的并发症,易引起胎儿宫内窘迫,严重者可致胎死宫内。在死胎原因分析中脐带因素占50%,以脐带扭转打结为主。目前尚不清楚脐带打结发生于产前哪个阶段,有学者推测是孕9~12周羊水量较多时形成。常规超声可追踪脐带真结的部位、走向、松紧状况并监测脐动脉血流指数,以评判胎儿在宫内的安危。但若无胎动或胎儿脐动脉血流指数异常,容易疏忽脐带真结的存在。

本例未见脐带过长及羊水过多,未发生胎儿生长受限,可能在孕早期或中孕早期胎动过于活跃,胎儿穿入脐带的套环所致,同时孕期脐带真结较为松散,脐带的血循环正常,胎儿在宫内的生长未受限制,该孕妇为经产妇急产,在生产过程中未引起胎儿宫内窘迫及新生儿出生后的缺血缺氧。产前超声如怀疑脐带打结,需引起高度重视,整个孕期中加强监护,注意可疑处脐动脉及脐静脉内径及血流动力学变化,三维彩色多普勒超声有利于脐带走行及血流方向的判断,为临床提供更加精准诊断信息。

原始出处:

吴凤妹,董静,孙立群.超声诊断脐带真结并顺产胎儿1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2019,21(03):172.

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