2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓！古人类基因组和进化基因组开创者Svante Pääbo获奖

当地时间10月3日，在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩卡罗琳医学院，诺贝尔奖委员会总秘书长托马斯·佩尔曼宣布，2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予斯万特·帕博（Svante Pääbo），以表彰他在“关于已灭绝人类基因组和人类进化的发现 ”方面的贡献。

斯万特·帕博（Svante Pääbo），1955年4月20日出生，瑞典生物学家、进化遗传学专家。他将获得1000万瑞典克朗（约合642万元人民币）的奖金。

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Massilani D, Skov L, Hajdinjak M, Gunchinsuren B, Tseveendorj D, Yi S, Lee J, Nagel S, Nickel B, Devièse T, Higham T, Meyer M, Kelso J, Peter BM, Pääbo S. Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians.Science . 2020 Oct 30;370(6516):579-583. doi: 10.1126/science.abc1166

Zeberg H, Pääbo S.The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals.Nature . 2020 Nov;587(7835):610-612. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2818-3

Kanton S, Boyle MJ, He Z, Santel M, Weigert A, Sanchís-Calleja F, Guijarro P, Sidow L, Fleck JS, Han D, Qian Z, Heide M, Huttner WB, Khaitovich P, Pääbo S, Treutlein B, Camp JG.Organoid single-cell genomic atlas uncovers human-specific features of brain development. Nature . 2019 Oct;574(7778):418-422. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1654-9

Douka K, Slon V, Jacobs Z, Ramsey CB, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Mafessoni F, Kozlikin MB, Li B, Grün R, Comeskey D, Devièse T, Brown S, Viola B, Kinsley L, Buckley M, Meyer M, Roberts RG, Pääbo S, Kelso J, Higham T.Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave.Nature . 2019 Jan;565(7741):640-644. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z

Slon V, Mafessoni F, Vernot B, de Filippo C, Grote S, Viola B, Hajdinjak M, Peyrégne S, Nagel S, Brown S, Douka K, Higham T, Kozlikin MB, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Kelso J, Meyer M, Prüfer K, Pääbo S.The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. Nature . 2018 Sep;561(7721):113-116. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0455-x

Hajdinjak M, Fu Q, Hübner A, Petr M, Mafessoni F, Grote S, Skoglund P, Narasimham V, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Semal P, Soressi M, Talamo S, Hublin JJ, Gušić I, Kućan Ž, Rudan P, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Posth C, Krause J, Korlević P, Nagel S, Nickel B, Slatkin M, Patterson N, Reich D, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Pääbo S, Kelso J.Reconstructing the genetic history of late Neanderthals.Nature . 2018 Mar 29;555(7698):652-656. doi: 10.1038/nature26151

Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Grote S, Mafessoni F, Korlević P, Hajdinjak M, Vernot B, Skov L, Hsieh P, Peyrégne S, Reher D, Hopfe C, Nagel S, Maricic T, Fu Q, Theunert C, Rogers R, Skoglund P, Chintalapati M, Dannemann M, Nelson BJ, Key FM, Rudan P, Kućan Ž, Gušić I, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Patterson N, Reich D, Eichler EE, Slatkin M, Schierup MH, Andrés AM, Kelso J, Meyer M, Pääbo S.A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia.Science . 2017 Nov 3;358(6363):655-658. doi: 10.1126/science.aao1887

Slon V, Hopfe C, Weiß CL, Mafessoni F, de la Rasilla M, Lalueza-Fox C, Rosas A, Soressi M, Knul MV, Miller R, Stewart JR, Derevianko AP, Jacobs Z, Li B, Roberts RG, Shunkov MV, de Lumley H, Perrenoud C, Gušić I, Kućan Ž, Rudan P, Aximu-Petri A, Essel E, Nagel S, Nickel B, Schmidt A, Prüfer K, Kelso J, Burbano HA, Pääbo S, Meyer M.Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from Pleistocene sediments.Science . 2017 May 12;356(6338):605-608. doi: 10.1126/science.aam9695

Fu Q, Posth C, Hajdinjak M, Petr M, Mallick S, Fernandes D, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Meyer M, Mittnik A, Nickel B, Peltzer A, Rohland N, Slon V, Talamo S, Lazaridis I, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Schiffels S, Skoglund P, Derevianko AP, Drozdov N, Slavinsky V, Tsybankov A, Cremonesi RG, Mallegni F, Gély B, Vacca E, Morales MR, Straus LG, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Teschler-Nicola M, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Benazzi S, Peresani M, Coppola D, Lari M, Ricci S, Ronchitelli A, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Flas D, Semal P, Mannino MA, Cupillard C, Bocherens H, Conard NJ, Harvati K, Moiseyev V, Drucker DG, Svoboda J, Richards MP, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Kelso J, Patterson N, Krause J, Pääbo S, Reich D.The genetic history of Ice Age Europe.Nature . 2016 Jun 9;534(7606):200-5. doi: 10.1038/nature17993

Vernot B, Tucci S, Kelso J, Schraiber JG, Wolf AB, Gittelman RM, Dannemann M, Grote S, McCoy RC, Norton H, Scheinfeldt LB, Merriwether DA, Koki G, Friedlaender JS, Wakefield J, Pääbo S, Akey JM.Excavating Neandertal and Denisovan DNA from the genomes of Melanesian individuals.Science . 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):235-9

Meyer M, Arsuaga JL, de Filippo C, Nagel S, Aximu-Petri A, Nickel B, Martínez I, Gracia A, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Viola B, Kelso J, Prüfer K, Pääbo S.Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins.Nature . 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):504-7

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Florio M, Albert M, Taverna E, Namba T, Brandl H, Lewitus E, Haffner C, Sykes A, Wong FK, Peters J, Guhr E, Klemroth S, Prüfer K, Kelso J, Naumann R, Nüsslein I, Dahl A, Lachmann R, Pääbo S, Huttner WB.Human-specific gene ARHGAP11B promotes basal progenitor amplification and neocortex expansion.Science . 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1465-70

Fu Q, Li H, Moorjani P, Jay F, Slepchenko SM, Bondarev AA, Johnson PL, Aximu-Petri A, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Meyer M, Zwyns N, Salazar-García DC, Kuzmin YV, Keates SG, Kosintsev PA, Razhev DI, Richards MP, Peristov NV, Lachmann M, Douka K, Higham TF, Slatkin M, Hublin JJ, Reich D, Kelso J, Viola TB, Pääbo S.Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia.Nature . 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):445-9

Pääbo S. The human condition-a molecular approach. Cell . 2014 Mar 27;157(1):216-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.036

Prüfer K, Racimo F, Patterson N, Jay F, Sankararaman S, Sawyer S, Heinze A, Renaud G, Sudmant PH, de Filippo C, Li H, Mallick S, Dannemann M, Fu Q, Kircher M, Kuhlwilm M, Lachmann M, Meyer M, Ongyerth M, Siebauer M, Theunert C, Tandon A, Moorjani P, Pickrell J, Mullikin JC, Vohr SH, Green RE, Hellmann I, Johnson PL, Blanche H, Cann H, Kitzman JO, Shendure J, Eichler EE, Lein ES, Bakken TE, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Viola B, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S.The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains.Nature . 2014 Jan 2;505(7481):43-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12886.

Meyer M, Fu Q, Aximu-Petri A, Glocke I, Nickel B, Arsuaga JL, Martínez I, Gracia A, de Castro JM, Carbonell E, Pääbo S.A mitochondrial genome sequence of a hominin from Sima de los Huesos.Nature . 2014 Jan 16;505(7483):403-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12788

Meyer M, Kircher M, Gansauge MT, Li H, Racimo F, Mallick S, Schraiber JG, Jay F, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Sudmant PH, Alkan C, Fu Q, Do R, Rohland N, Tandon A, Siebauer M, Green RE, Bryc K, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Dabney J, Shendure J, Kitzman J, Hammer MF, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Patterson N, Andrés AM, Eichler EE, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual.Science . 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):222-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1224344

Prüfer K, Munch K, Hellmann I, Akagi K, Miller JR, Walenz B, Koren S, Sutton G, Kodira C, Winer R, Knight JR, Mullikin JC, Meader SJ, Ponting CP, Lunter G, Higashino S, Hobolth A, Dutheil J, Karakoç E, Alkan C, Sajjadian S, Catacchio CR, Ventura M, Marques-Bonet T, Eichler EE, André C, Atencia R, Mugisha L, Junhold J, Patterson N, Siebauer M, Good JM, Fischer A, Ptak SE, Lachmann M, Symer DE, Mailund T, Schierup MH, Andrés AM, Kelso J, Pääbo S. The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes.Nature . 2012 Jun 28;486(7404):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11128

Brawand D, Soumillon M, Necsulea A, Julien P, Csárdi G, Harrigan P, Weier M, Liechti A, Aximu-Petri A, Kircher M, Albert FW, Zeller U, Khaitovich P, Grützner F, Bergmann S, Nielsen R, Pääbo S, Kaessmann H. The evolution of gene expression levels in mammalian organs.Nature . 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):343-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10532

Reich D, Green RE, Kircher M, Krause J, Patterson N, Durand EY, Viola B, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Johnson PL, Maricic T, Good JM, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Fu Q, Mallick S, Li H, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Stoneking M, Richards M, Talamo S, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Hublin JJ, Kelso J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S.Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia.Nature . 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1053-60. doi: 10.1038/nature09710

Burbano HA, Hodges E, Green RE, Briggs AW, Krause J, Meyer M, Good JM, Maricic T, Johnson PL, Xuan Z, Rooks M, Bhattacharjee A, Brizuela L, Albert FW, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Lachmann M, Hannon GJ, Pääbo S.Targeted investigation of the Neandertal genome by array-based sequence capture.Science . 2010 May 7;328(5979):723-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188046.

Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, Fritz MH, Hansen NF, Durand EY, Malaspinas AS, Jensen JD, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Burbano HA, Good JM, Schultz R, Aximu-Petri A, Butthof A, Höber B, Höffner B, Siegemund M, Weihmann A, Nusbaum C, Lander ES, Russ C, Novod N, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Verna C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Ž, Gušic I, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Schmitz RW, Johnson PLF, Eichler EE, Falush D, Birney E, Mullikin JC, Slatkin M, Nielsen R, Kelso J, Lachmann M, Reich D, Pääbo S. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome.Science . 2010 May 7;328(5979):710-722. doi: 10.1126/science.1188021

Krause J, Fu Q, Good JM, Viola B, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Pääbo S. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia.Nature . 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):894-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08976

Briggs AW, Good JM, Green RE, Krause J, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Lalueza-Fox C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Z, Gusic I, Schmitz R, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Pääbo S.Targeted retrieval and analysis of five Neandertal mtDNA genomes.Science . 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):318-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1174462

Enard W, Gehre S, Hammerschmidt K, Hölter SM, Blass T, Somel M, Brückner MK, Schreiweis C, Winter C, Sohr R, Becker L, Wiebe V, Nickel B, Giger T, Müller U, Groszer M, Adler T, Aguilar A, Bolle I, Calzada-Wack J, Dalke C, Ehrhardt N, Favor J, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hans W, Hölzlwimmer G, Javaheri A, Kalaydjiev S, Kallnik M, Kling E, Kunder S, Mossbrugger I, Naton B, Racz I, Rathkolb B, Rozman J, Schrewe A, Busch DH, Graw J, Ivandic B, Klingenspor M, Klopstock T, Ollert M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schulz H, Wolf E, Wurst W, Zimmer A, Fisher SE, Morgenstern R, Arendt T, de Angelis MH, Fischer J, Schwarz J, Pääbo S. A humanized version of Foxp2 affects cortico-basal ganglia circuits in mice.Cell . 2009 May 29;137(5):961-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.03.041

Green RE, Malaspinas AS, Krause J, Briggs AW, Johnson PL, Uhler C, Meyer M, Good JM, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Prüfer K, Siebauer M, Burbano HA, Ronan M, Rothberg JM, Egholm M, Rudan P, Brajković D, Kućan Z, Gusić I, Wikström M, Laakkonen L, Kelso J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S.A complete Neandertal mitochondrial genome sequence determined by high-throughput sequencing.Cell . 2008 Aug 8;134(3):416-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.021

Krause J, Orlando L, Serre D, Viola B, Prüfer K, Richards MP, Hublin JJ, Hänni C, Derevianko AP, Pääbo S. Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia.Nature . 2007 Oct 18;449(7164):902-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06193

Green RE, Krause J, Ptak SE, Briggs AW, Ronan MT, Simons JF, Du L, Egholm M, Rothberg JM, Paunovic M, Pääbo S. Analysis of one million base pairs of Neanderthal DNA.Nature . 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):330-6. doi: 10.1038/nature05336

Prabhakar S, Noonan JP, Pääbo S, Rubin EM. Accelerated evolution of conserved noncoding sequences in humans.Science . 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):786. doi: 10.1126/science.1130738

Krause J, Dear PH, Pollack JL, Slatkin M, Spriggs H, Barnes I, Lister AM, Ebersberger I, Pääbo S, Hofreiter M.Multiplex amplification of the mammoth mitochondrial genome and the evolution of Elephantidae. Nature . 2006 Feb 9;439(7077):724-7. doi: 10.1038/nature04432

Khaitovich P, Hellmann I, Enard W, Nowick K, Leinweber M, Franz H, Weiss G, Lachmann M, Pääbo S. Parallel patterns of evolution in the genomes and transcriptomes of humans and chimpanzees.Science . 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1850-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1108296

Noonan JP, Hofreiter M, Smith D, Priest JR, Rohland N, Rabeder G, Krause J, Detter JC, Pääbo S, Rubin EM. Genomic sequencing of Pleistocene cave bears. Science . 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):597-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1113485

Jaenicke-Després V, Buckler ES, Smith BD, Gilbert MT, Cooper A, Doebley J, Pääbo S. Early allelic selection in maize as revealed by ancient DNA. Science . 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1206-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1089056

Pääbo S. The mosaic that is our genome. Nature . 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):409-12. doi: 10.1038/nature01400

Enard W, Przeworski M, Fisher SE, Lai CS, Wiebe V, Kitano T, Monaco AP, Pääbo S. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature . 2002 Aug 22;418(6900):869-72. doi: 10.1038/nature01025