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Nat Med: 科学家揭示肠道微生物与肿瘤免疫疗法反应相关性

2022-04-20 生物谷 生物谷

该项研究结果揭示了肠道微生物组与癌症免疫疗法反应之间的复杂相互作用,为未来的研究提供了方向。

肠道微生物组已成为免疫检查点阻断(ICB)的肿瘤外在预测生物标志物。已有证据表明,肠道微生物组作为一种肿瘤外源性因素,与抗肿瘤对抗程序化细胞死亡蛋白-1 (PD-1)治疗的反应相关,微生物组调节可以提高对抗PD-1 ICB的反应性。然而,与临床结局相关的已发表微生物特征之间存在不一致。目前还不清楚微生物组是否对ICB治疗的有效性产生积极或消极的影响,以及在治疗过程中微生物组作用的最重要节点。为了解决这一问题,美国国家癌症研究所的研究人员进行了针对性研究,发现不同地理分布的肠道微生物特征(微生物型)与PD-1反应差异相关,并部分解释了队列之间的差异。相关研究结果发表在Nat Med上,题目为“Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1”。

在该研究中,研究人员评估了一个新的黑色素瘤队列,以及四个已发布的数据集。分析PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者的大量微生物组样本,将事件发生时间结果与包括药物,嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和irAE在内的变量相结合。研究人员确定了与特定 irAE 特征和结局相关的不同微生物特征,以及与不利临床反应相关的全身性和肠道脂多糖 (LPS)依赖性炎症状态。他们使用相同的生物信息学方法对来自新队列和四个已发表的PD-1治疗黑色素瘤患者的独立队列的微生物测序数据进行了荟萃分析。跨队列微生物组训练的机器学习始终如一地预测PD-1治疗的结果,尽管队列之间存在异质性。

时间-事件分析显示,基线微生物群组成与治疗开始后约1年的临床结局最佳相关。对组合数据的荟萃分析和其他生物信息学分析表明,与有利反应相关的细菌仅限于放线菌门和厚壁藻的毛螺菌科/瘤胃菌科微生物。相反,革兰氏阴性菌与炎症宿主肠道基因特征,血液中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值增加以及不良结局相关。两种微生物特征,富集了毛螺菌科和链球菌科微生物,分别与有利和不利的临床反应相关,并且具有不同的免疫相关不良反应。尽管队列之间存在异质性,但在批量校正的微生物组数据上训练的优化的全减一监督学习算法在所有队列中一致预测了程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1疗法的结果。具有不均匀地理分布的肠道微生物群落(微生物型)与有利和不利的结果相关,导致队列之间的差异。

图 抗PD-1治疗的黑色素瘤患者粪便微生物组的组成差异与差异无进展生存期有关

总之,该项研究结果揭示了肠道微生物组与癌症免疫疗法反应之间的复杂相互作用,为未来的研究提供了方向。

参考文献:

McCulloch, J.A., Davar, D., Rodrigues, R.R. et al. Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Nat Med 28, 545–556 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01698-2

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    2022-04-20 ms1000001009192562

    学到了

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