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耶鲁大学研究称跑马拉松会伤肾,为啥CNN和时代周刊都质疑

2017-03-31 李琼 澎湃新闻

马拉松对于人体的利弊一直是科学界讨论的话题,最近耶鲁大学的一项研究又引爆了跑圈。研究称,跑友在跑马拉松时,其自身的身体压力和脱水可能会对肾脏造成短期损伤。研究一经发布,许多跑友就开始担心长期跑步会对自己的肾脏造成损害。那么,事实究竟是怎样的呢?这篇名为《马拉松跑者的肾脏损伤和生物标记修复》的研究报告于近日发表在《美国肾脏疾病》杂志(American Journal of Kidney Diseas

马拉松对于人体的利弊一直是科学界讨论的话题,最近耶鲁大学的一项研究又引爆了跑圈。

研究称,跑友在跑马拉松时,其自身的身体压力和脱水可能会对肾脏造成短期损伤。

研究一经发布,许多跑友就开始担心长期跑步会对自己的肾脏造成损害。那么,事实究竟是怎样的呢?

这篇名为《马拉松跑者的肾脏损伤和生物标记修复》的研究报告于近日发表在《美国肾脏疾病》杂志(American Journal of Kidney Diseases)上(详见:AJKD:马拉松虽“热”,但勿盲目跟风,小心肾损伤)。

该研究由美国耶鲁大学的芝拉格·帕里克教授和其团队完成,他们以2015年哈特福德马拉松赛的22位参赛者为研究对象,样本平均年龄44岁、41%为男性。

研究者抽取了参赛者的血样和尿样,并分别对他们在赛前1天和赛后第1、2天的血肌酐、肌酸激酶、尿白蛋白水平和显微镜下肾脏细胞变化进行了比对,并检测6种损伤生物标志物和2种修复生物标志物的水平。

研究结果显示,82%的研究对象在赛后不久便出现了急性肾损伤1期和2期,而73%的研究对象的尿液镜检被查出肾小管损伤。

在帕里克教授看来,马拉松之所以会对肾脏造成损伤,可能与体温升高、脱水,以及肾脏血液减少有关。“跑的过程中,身体压力对肾脏的影响就像医疗并发症对肾脏的影响一样。”

文中提到,以往研究的关注点主要集中在炎热天气下剧烈运动对肾脏产生的影响,但现在他们发现,跑马拉松也有可能对身体造成潜在的伤害。

虽然这份研究报告也强调,研究对象的肾功能在马拉松比赛结束后两天内就会完全恢复,但他们依然为这项运动对人身体健康的影响表示忧虑。

缺乏严谨性,样本数量太

这篇有关马拉松的研究一经发表,就在跑圈引起了不小的轰动,许多人开始担心长期跑步会对自己的肾脏造成损害。那么,长跑真的会伤肾吗?

对于这个问题,大家也不需要过于担心,就连帕里克教授自己也表示,只要进行适当的训练,肾脏其实是可以适应这种短期内身体压力的。

“我认为大多数跑友都做得很好,因为这22位研究对象的肾功能运行正常,而且他们跑龄平均在12年左右。”帕里克教授解释道。

这篇文章也引起了媒体的关注,其中CNN、《时代周刊》等美国媒体对此提出质疑。CNN就认为该研究报告缺乏严谨性,不仅样本数量太少,而且也没有与其他马拉松跑者进行比较。



另一个值得商榷的事实是,肾脏本身就有自我修复功能,帕里克教授团队此前也提到过这一点,但他们却并不认为这能消除马拉松对于肾脏的不利影响。

来自加州大学的马丁·霍夫曼教授在接受CNN采访时说,“肾损伤标记物在24小时内就可以正常化或者得到改善,只要是没有肾脏疾病的健康人一般都不会有事。”

霍夫曼教授也解释了肾脏会缺血的原因。当有人在跑42公里的马拉松时,皮肤和肌肉的供血量就会大大提升,因为这些器官需要大量的氧气。

“根据估算,有25%的血液最终会到达皮肤和肌肉。当这种情况发生时,就意味着血液正在从其他器官转移,这就是肾脏会减少血液供应的原因。”

对于所引发的争议,帕里克教授表示这项研究还没有结束,会继续再进行试验。不过他也说,一些患有高血压的人和老年人还是需要在医生的叮嘱下进行马拉松运动。

关于“马拉松伤肾”,您怎么看?欢迎在下方留言!

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    2017-06-24 saikp
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    2017-04-05 圣艮山

    学习了很多事

    0

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    2017-04-02 zxl730
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951591, encodeId=f9c11951591ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ed159523af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#时代周刊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59523, encryptionId=2ed159523af, topicName=时代周刊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 17 05:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735096, encodeId=1c431e3509623, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sat Jun 24 10:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185368, encodeId=1501185368e6, content=学习了很多事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 19:43:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428951, encodeId=6b16142895176, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d4810145692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#马拉松#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101456, encryptionId=6d4810145692, topicName=马拉松)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=334a4156364, createdName=zxl730, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184316, encodeId=c22e1843160d, content=长时间脱水多少会损伤肾脏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 01 13:31:36 CST 2017, time=2017-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184263, encodeId=4011184263e2, content=文章不错,值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 01 10:04:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-01 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    长时间脱水多少会损伤肾脏

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951591, encodeId=f9c11951591ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ed159523af' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#时代周刊#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59523, encryptionId=2ed159523af, topicName=时代周刊)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0e3195, createdName=millore, createdTime=Sat Mar 17 05:42:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1735096, encodeId=1c431e3509623, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9aa5923e176' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#质疑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92371, encryptionId=9aa5923e176, topicName=质疑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3033872914, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Sat Jun 24 10:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185368, encodeId=1501185368e6, content=学习了很多事, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 19:43:33 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1428951, encodeId=6b16142895176, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d4810145692' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#马拉松#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101456, encryptionId=6d4810145692, topicName=马拉松)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=334a4156364, createdName=zxl730, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:42:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184316, encodeId=c22e1843160d, content=长时间脱水多少会损伤肾脏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 01 13:31:36 CST 2017, time=2017-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184263, encodeId=4011184263e2, content=文章不错,值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Apr 01 10:04:44 CST 2017, time=2017-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-01 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得分享

    0

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