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Nat Med:为应对奥密克戎变异株加强针该选CoronaVac还是BNT162b2疫苗?

2022-01-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

主要接种CoronaVac疫苗的国家应考虑使用mRNA疫苗来加强免疫以应对奥密克戎变异株的传播。迫切需要进一步的研究来评估不同疫苗对奥密克戎变异株的有效性。

2021年11月,南非首次报道了一种具有更高传播能力的新型SARS-CoV-2变异株,命名为奥密克戎变异株(B.1.1.529的BA.1亚系)。奥密克戎变异株正迅速成为全球流行的主要SARS-CoV-2病毒,该变异株在病毒的刺突蛋白中有37个氨基酸被取代,其中15个位于受体结合域中。病毒中和抗体是保护人类面受病毒感染的主要决定因素。已有研究报道了与防止再感染或严重疾病相关的中和抗体阈值。尽管CD8T细胞已被证明具有保护作用,但让不能量化保护的相关性。

近日,顶级医学期刊Nature Medicine上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员之前已经明确在活病毒检测中,50%的蚀斑减少中和(PRNT50)抗体滴度≥25.6,其对应于50%保护免受野生型(WT)SARS-CoV-2感染的阈值。

与野生型病毒相比,在接种两剂BNT162b2(GMT218.8)或CoronaVac疫苗(GMT32.5)后3-5周,研究人员发现针对奥密克戎变异株的血清抗体滴度显著降低(几何平均滴度(GMT)<10)。

在之前接种过2剂BNT162b2疫苗的个体(25人中的22人)和之前接种过CoronaVac疫苗的个体(30人中的24人)中,88%的受试者(25人中的22人)在BNT162b2加强剂量后针对奥密克戎变异株PRNT50滴度≥25.6。然而,很少(3%)既往感染过的个体(30人中有1人)或接种了三剂CoronaVac疫苗的人(30人中有1人)达到了这个阈值。

该研究的结果表明主要接种CoronaVac疫苗的国家应考虑使用mRNA疫苗来加强免疫以应对奥密克戎变异株的传播。迫切需要进一步的研究来评估不同疫苗对奥密克戎变异株的有效性。

原始出处:

Samuel M. S. Cheng,et al.Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following homologous and heterologous CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccination.Nature Medicine.2022.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01704-7

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