Diabetes ：研究在骨髓中再造胰腺功能

一个意大利研究团队日前宣布，他们尝试在骨髓中部分再造胰腺功能获得成功，这将有助于糖尿病患者在胰腺切除手术后提高生活质量、降低并发症风险。最新出版的学术期刊《糖尿病》刊登了这一发现。

米兰圣拉斐尔医院的这个研究团队修改了针对１型糖尿病患者的胰岛移植程序。他们从捐赠者的胰腺中提取内分泌细胞，植入患者的盆骨骨髓中，“再造”部分胰腺功能。目前，研究团队已经在４位胰腺全部切除的糖尿病患者身上进行了临床试验，经过３年观察，植入的内分泌组织在患者骨髓中“扎根并工作”。

通常情况下，部分糖尿病患者胰腺被摘除后，由于来自胰腺的胰岛素及胰高血糖素等激素分泌被破坏，致使胰腺在体内承担的糖代谢调节功能缺失，给病人生活带来很多不便。新研究正是致力于改变这种状况。

此外，新研究的意义还在于证明了内分泌组织等非造血组织也可以在骨髓之类的环境中存活并发挥功用，而通常的理解是骨髓里主要存在造血干细胞。这可能为再生医学打开一扇新的窗户。

Reduction of Circulating Neutrophils Precedes and Accompanies Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
Human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease associated with major histocompatibility complex polymorphisms, β-cell autoantibodies, and autoreactive T cells. However, there is increasing evidence that innate cells may also play critical roles in T1D. We aimed to monitor peripheral immune cells in early stages of T1D (i.e., in healthy autoantibody-positive subjects) and in more advanced phases of the disease (i.e., at disease onset and years after diagnosis). We found a mild but significant and reproducible peripheral neutropenia that both precedes and accompanies the onset of T1D. This reduction was not due to peripheral neutrophil cell death, impaired differentiation, or the presence of anti-neutrophil antibodies. Neutrophils were observed by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis in the exocrine pancreas of multiorgan donors with T1D (both at onset and at later stages of the disease) and not in that of multiorgan donors with type 2 diabetes or nondiabetic donors. These pancreas-infiltrating neutrophils mainly localized at the level of very small blood vessels. Our findings suggest the existence of a hitherto unrecognized clinical phenotype that might reflect unexplored pathogenic pathways underlying T1D.