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Lancet:全新中国疾病负担报告——中国疾病谱发生重大变化,中风、缺血性心脏病和慢阻肺是国人三大杀手

2019-06-25 朱朱 文韬 中国循环杂志

6月24日,Lancet杂志在线发表了由中国疾病预防控制中心梁晓峰等与美国华盛顿大学合作完成的最新中国疾病负担结果。

6月24日,Lancet杂志在线发表了由中国疾病预防控制中心梁晓峰等与美国华盛顿大学合作完成的最新中国疾病负担结果。

报告显示,从1990年至2017年,中国居民疾病谱发生重大变化:年龄校正的中风死亡率下降33.5%,年龄校正的慢阻肺死亡率降低68.6%。

1990~2017年,年龄校正的死亡率下降超过50%的疾病包括:下呼吸道感染、新生儿疾病、慢阻肺、自杀、溺水、先天缺陷、肝硬化和其他慢性肝病。

但与之相比,年龄校正的缺血性心脏病死亡率增加20.6%,肺癌死亡率增加了12%,从1990年的第13位升至2017年的第3位。

目前,中风、缺血性心脏病和慢阻肺是国人死亡的前三位杀手,其次是肺癌、道路交通意外伤害、新生儿死亡、肝癌、糖尿病、颈部疼痛和抑郁障碍。

2017年,我国三大主要致残病因依次为骨骼肌肉疾病、精神疾病和感觉器官疾病(如听觉、视觉等丧失)。

作者认为,中国在减少多种疾病负担和伤残方面取得了很大的进展,这有赖于中国的经济增长、教育水平提高以及实行传染性疾病国家防控计划。



1990~2017年中国十大死因变化

在2016年的中国疾病负担报告中,导致国人过早死亡的五大疾病与2017年略有变化,依次为脑血管疾病、缺血性心脏病、道路交通损伤害、肺癌、慢阻肺。

影响健康三大危险因素:高血压、吸烟和高盐饮食

2017年,高血压、吸烟和高盐饮食是导致中国人群死亡和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)的三大危险因素。其中,吸烟是2017年中国疾病负担的最大危险因素,饮酒是第十大危险因素。



2017年导致我国居民死亡的十大危险因素

2017年,高血压导致250万中国人死亡,其中96%最终因心血管病死亡。

1990~2017年,在十大主要危险因素中,中国人群中所占比例变化最大的是超重和肥胖,增长了185%。

作者认为,由于生活方式的改变,红肉摄入量增加和体力活动减少,中国的糖尿病患病率增加得更快,从2000年的每10万人4 206例增加到2017年的6 336例,增幅超过50%。

疾病对国民健康的整体影响低于预期

2017年,在所有的省级行政区中,每十万人中的全因DALY均低于预期。其中,DALY比预期值低30%的省级行政区有十个,包括重庆(-37%)、安徽(-35%)、浙江(-33%)、福建(-33%)、上海(-32%)、贵州(-32%)、宁夏(-31%)、江苏(-30%)、海南(-30%)和北京(-30%)。

缺血性心脏病、阿尔茨海默病(老年痴呆症)、头痛和低背部疼痛对国民健康影响均低于预期。

然而,肝癌对我国居民健康的影响超出了预期,观察到的DALY是预期值的2.04~6.88倍。

1990~2017年,我国每10万人中,中风导致的DALY减少了33.1%,但缺血性心脏病导致的DALY增长了4.6%。

研究期间,孕产妇死亡率下降了86%,每10万活产婴儿死亡数从95降至14。5岁以下儿童死亡率下降了76%,每1 000名活产婴儿死亡数由50降至12。

研究者指出,近三十年来,传染性疾病、母婴疾病、营养相关疾病负担大幅降低,而非传染性疾病负担增加。

研究者认为,我国医疗系统的首要目标应是防控慢性疾病,尤其是在老年人群中。

该研究属于全球疾病负担报告(GBD)研究的一部分,针对1990-2017年中国34个省级行政区的疾病负担情况进行了分析。

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    2020-05-17 howi
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    2019-06-26 guging

    中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧

    0

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