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三伏天糖尿病人头晕的原因,除了低血糖还有啥?

2018-08-10 丁胜 医学界内分泌频道

范爹爹今年72岁,思维依然敏捷,下起围棋来很多年轻人还得甘拜下风。已患2型糖尿病近十年的他,平时非常注重养生保健,饮食控制十分严格,打胰岛素一针不落,但血糖监测坚持得不好,甚至几周都不测一次。

病例回顾

范爹爹今年72岁,思维依然敏捷,下起围棋来很多年轻人还得甘拜下风。已患2型糖尿病近十年的他,平时非常注重养生保健,饮食控制十分严格,打胰岛素一针不落,但血糖监测坚持得不好,甚至几周都不测一次。

最近天气炎热,范爹爹常常感到头晕,吹空调、喝凉茶都不能解决问题。家人担心老人中风,苦劝其住院诊治。CT检查发现范爹爹没有脑梗死,但糖化血红蛋白化验出来才4.9%,空腹血糖和午餐前血糖低得吓人:只有3mmol/L多点!

医生为范爹爹减少了胰岛素剂量,老人的血糖水平恢复到了正常范围,他便不再感到头晕了。
 
医生分析

空腹血糖正常值在3.9~6.1毫mmol/L,范爹爹空腹血糖偏低,头晕是低血糖所致。化验结果提示他平时血糖控制得过低了,这是因为他饮食控制过度,又很少检测血糖,也不去医院看医生,仅凭个人感觉来自行调血糖,所以没有及时发现低血糖症。

老年人低血糖症状常常不典型,有时仅仅是头晕,难以发现并及时纠正;而低血糖症危害很大,容易诱发心脑血管意外,严重的可以出现昏迷危及生命,成为“隐形杀手”。
 
天气炎热时,糖尿病患者头晕常有以下六大原因:

1
低血糖症

气温较高时,人体代谢相对旺盛,降糖药物效能增强。炎热天气下糖尿病患者往往食欲不佳,如果没有及时监测血糖和适当调整降糖药物剂量,容易出现低血糖发作。此时,患者可能出现“头晕”症状。

低血糖的病因可能是磺脲类药物、胰岛素用量过多或胰岛素瘤等,其症状需要与精神疾病、癫痫、短暂脑缺血发作或脑血管意外等疾病鉴别。

2
酮症或高渗状态

高温天气下,糖尿病患者会因血糖过高感到口渴,高血糖状态下还容易受到病原体侵袭,若无及时治疗,极易出现糖尿病酮症甚至酸中毒;而感染、腹泻继发脱水还易导致高渗状态,这些糖尿病急性并发症预后都较差。在酮症或高渗状态时,糖尿病患者容易出现头晕,这是身体在发出警报了。

3
自主神经并发症

病程较长的糖尿病患者还容易出现自主神经功能紊乱的并发症1。患者可因自主神经调节功能异常而出现多汗、心悸、头晕等症状,有的患者甚至出现体位性低血压,导致昏厥发作。

出现交感神经兴奋表现,需要与甲状腺功能亢进症、嗜铬细胞瘤、自主神经功能紊乱、糖尿病自主神经病变、更年期综合征等鉴别。

4
血压过高或过低

流行病学统计资料显示,逾六成2糖尿病患者合并高血压病,需要服用降压药物。如果患者平时血压控制不达标,血压过高即会出现头晕症状。

夏季是高血压病患者一年中血压最低的季节3,通常需要适当减少降压药物,避免血压降得过低。尽管已立秋,气温依然偏高,仍需注意。近期常常遇到高血压病患者血压降到110/60mmHg以下,出现头晕来就诊。

5
心脑血管疾病

糖尿病患者常合并心脑血管疾病,广泛的动脉粥样硬化可导致脑供血不足,严重的还会引起中风。这个时节人们常呆在空调房里纳凉,一旦出门身体需要承受大幅温差,对于老年糖尿病患者是巨大的挑战,更容易诱发心脑血管意外。糖尿病患者如果感到头晕,一定要注意鉴别是否心脑血管疾病的信号。

6
中暑

高温天户外工作的人员由于大量出汗,极易脱水,而身体在高温环境中不易散热,容易出现体温过高而导致中暑。糖尿病患者因为血糖偏高,在脱水情况下血液浓缩更为严重,比普通人更容易中暑。因而热天糖尿病患者头晕也需要考虑中暑的可能。

头晕的患者,应详细了解病史和作全面的体格检查,必要时应做听力检查、前庭功能检查、眼底检查,并适当选做脑脊液检查、头颅或颈椎CT、心电图等以明确病因。

原始出处:

1、中华医学会糖尿病学分会。中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]。中华糖尿病杂志,2018,10(1): 4-67.

2、中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会,中国医师协会高血压专业委员会. 高血压合并2型糖尿病患者的血压控制专家指导意见(2013版)[J]。中华高血压杂志,2013,21(6): 522-525.

3、Hozawa A,  Kuriyama S, Shimazu T, et al. Seasonal variation in home blood pressure measurements and relation tooutside temperature in Japan [J]. Clin Exp Hypertens.2011; 33(3):153-158.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2035749, encodeId=fda32035e4991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef0c195e9e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三伏天#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19579, encryptionId=ef0c195e9e4, topicName=三伏天)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76fa353, createdName=tm10051981, createdTime=Sat Dec 22 03:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340875, encodeId=646c3408e594, content=糖尿病患者的病因病理。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 10:18:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338340, encodeId=c8d733834064, content=糖尿病患者的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 12:36:27 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284822, encodeId=e4e9128482239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 23:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041769, encodeId=c2401041e69be, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 11:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-26 jyzxjiangqin

    糖尿病患者的病因病理。

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2035749, encodeId=fda32035e4991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef0c195e9e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三伏天#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19579, encryptionId=ef0c195e9e4, topicName=三伏天)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76fa353, createdName=tm10051981, createdTime=Sat Dec 22 03:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340875, encodeId=646c3408e594, content=糖尿病患者的病因病理。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 10:18:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338340, encodeId=c8d733834064, content=糖尿病患者的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 12:36:27 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284822, encodeId=e4e9128482239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 23:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041769, encodeId=c2401041e69be, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 11:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 jyzxjiangqin

    糖尿病患者的治疗。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2035749, encodeId=fda32035e4991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef0c195e9e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三伏天#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19579, encryptionId=ef0c195e9e4, topicName=三伏天)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76fa353, createdName=tm10051981, createdTime=Sat Dec 22 03:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340875, encodeId=646c3408e594, content=糖尿病患者的病因病理。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 10:18:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338340, encodeId=c8d733834064, content=糖尿病患者的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 12:36:27 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284822, encodeId=e4e9128482239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 23:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041769, encodeId=c2401041e69be, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 11:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-11 sjzlzc007
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2035749, encodeId=fda32035e4991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef0c195e9e4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三伏天#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19579, encryptionId=ef0c195e9e4, topicName=三伏天)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76fa353, createdName=tm10051981, createdTime=Sat Dec 22 03:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340875, encodeId=646c3408e594, content=糖尿病患者的病因病理。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Aug 26 10:18:52 CST 2018, time=2018-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338340, encodeId=c8d733834064, content=糖尿病患者的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 12:36:27 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284822, encodeId=e4e9128482239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16134436817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#头晕#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44368, encryptionId=16134436817, topicName=头晕)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 23:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041769, encodeId=c2401041e69be, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=167, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Fri Aug 10 11:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-10 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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