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Lancet Oncol:Vemurafenib治疗黑色素瘤安全有效

2014-02-26 echo1166 dxy

研究要点:转移性黑色素瘤的预后很差,化疗的治疗作用有限, 联合应用细胞生长抑制药物和细胞因子并不会改善患者的生存期;RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK旁路是驱动细胞转变为恶性黑色素瘤细胞的主要动力,因此患者可从BRAF抑制治疗中得到的获益;在黑色素瘤患者中,无论其存在的是最常见的BRAFV600E突变还是最少见的BRAFV600K突变,应用vemurafenib针对BRAF进行抑制都能显

研究要点:

转移性黑色素瘤的预后很差,化疗的治疗作用有限, 联合应用细胞生长抑制药物和细胞因子并不会改善患者的生存期;

RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK旁路是驱动细胞转变为恶性黑色素瘤细胞的主要动力,因此患者可从BRAF抑制治疗中得到的获益;

在黑色素瘤患者中,无论其存在的是最常见的BRAFV600E突变还是最少见的BRAFV600K突变,应用vemurafenib针对BRAF进行抑制都能显著改善上述患者群体中的生存期。

在BRIM-3研究中,已经证实在晚期BRAFV600突变阳性的黑色素瘤患者中,与达卡巴嗪治疗相比,采用vemurafenib治疗能降低死亡和病情进展的发生风险。在本研究中,来自于澳大利亚Peter MacCallum肿瘤中心的Grant A McArthur等发表了在BRAFV600E和BRAFV600K亚组患者中扩大随访结果。本文发表在Lancet Oncol 2月的在线期刊上。

本研究所纳入的受试者为年龄在18岁及以上、既往没有接受过治疗的转移性黑色素瘤患者,其肿瘤组织存在BRAFV600突变。并且这些患者的生存预期至少为3个月,东部肿瘤组织协作一般状态分级为0或1,以及其血液系统、肝功能和肾功能正常。

研究者采用中央交互式语音应答系统将符合上述条件的受试者随机分为2组,一组接受vemruafenib 960mg每日两次口服,另一组的治疗方案为达卡巴嗪按照1000mg/m2体表面积每3周静脉用药一次。

本研究的协同终点是总体生存率和无进展生存率,研究者采用意向治疗分析法进行分析。研究者同时进行了敏感性分析。本研究在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,注册号为NCT01006980。

在2010年1月4日至2010年12月16日期间,研究者从分布于12个国家的104个研究分中心内纳入了675名符合入组要求的受试者。其中337人接受vemurafenib治疗,另有338人接受达卡巴嗪治疗。在vemurafenib组的中位随访时间为12.5月,在达卡巴嗪组的中位随访时间为9.5月。在338名患者中有83人(25%)最初接受的是达卡巴嗪治疗,之后转位接受vemurafenib治疗。

与达卡巴嗪组的患者相比,vemurafenib组的患者的中位总体生存期显著增加,前者为9.7月,后者为13.6月,HR为0.70,两组差异具有显著统计学意义;而中位无进展生存期在达卡巴嗪组为1.6月,在vemurafenib组为6.9月,HR为0.38,两组差异同样具有显著统计学意义。

在BRAFV600E的598名患者中(91%),中位总体生存期在vemurafenib组为13.3月,而在达卡巴嗪组为10.0月,HR为0.75,两组差异具有显著统计学意义;而中位无进展生存期在vemurafenib组为6.9月,在达卡巴嗪组为1.6月,HR为0.39,差异具有显著统计学意义。

在BRAFV600K的57名患者中(9%),中位总体生存期在vemurafenib组为14.5月,而在达卡巴嗪组为7.6月,HR为0.43,两组差异不具有显著统计学意义;而中位无进展生存期在vemurafenib组为5.9月,在达卡巴嗪组为1.7月,HR为0.30,差异具有显著统计学意义。

在vemurafenib组中,最常见的3-4级不良反应事件为皮肤鳞状细胞癌(19%)和角化棘皮瘤(10%)、皮疹(9%)和肝功能异常(11%);在达卡巴嗪组中则为中性粒细胞减少(9%)。在vemurafenib组中的8名患者(2%)和达卡巴嗪组中的7名患者(2%)出现了5级不良反应事件。
本研究结果指出,在黑色素瘤患者中,无论其存在的是最常见的BRAFV600E突变还是最少见的BRAFV600K突变,应用vemurafenib针对BRAF进行抑制都能显著改善上述患者群体中的生存期。

研究背景

在美国,据估计在2013年有超过76000人被诊断为黑色素瘤。其中,绝大多数在诊断时病情处于局限期,其5年总体生存率为91.2%。然而,转移性黑色素瘤的预后很差,其5年生存率在局限性病变患者中为61.7%,而在远处转移期患者中仅为15.2%。

在转移性黑色素瘤患者中化疗的治疗作用有限,仅有6.3%-12.1%的患者对化疗存在治疗反应,在应用达卡巴嗪治疗的3期临床研究中中位总体生存期为5.6月至9.7月。联合应用细胞生长抑制药物和细胞因子并不会改善患者的生存期。

大剂量的白介素2能在一些患者中诱导完全缓解,这正是其获批用于转移性黑色素瘤患者治疗的基础,但是目前并不存在生物因子能够预测哪些患者可能对治疗存在反应。

在2011年,CTLA-4抗体ipilimumab被批准用于所有晚期黑色素瘤患者的治疗,而BRAF抑制剂vemurafenib被批准用于存在BRAF突变的患者的治疗,最近MEK抑制剂trametinib也被批准用于晚期黑色素瘤患者的治疗。从BRAF抑制治疗中得到的获益与RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK旁路激活相关,该旁路是驱动细胞转变为恶性黑色素瘤细胞的主要动力。

在黑色素瘤患者中,BRAF密码子600突变的发生率从40%至60%。在黑色素瘤中最常见的突变为BRAFV600E和BRAFV600K,前者约占80%,后者约为5%至30%,其他类型的突变较为罕见。在一个针对vemurafenib的2期临床研究中,8%的患者具有BRAFV600K突变黑色素瘤,在一个针对dabrafenib的2期临床研究中,所纳入的患者为具有脑转移的转移性黑色素瘤,其中19%具有BRAFV600K突变。

采用不同的突变检测方法,对BRAFV600K突变的检出能力也各不相同。Cobas BRAF V600突变测试是被美国FDA批准的检测方式,虽然能特异性的检出BRAFV600E突变是否存在,但是其也能检出70%左右的BRAFV600K突变。与BRAFV600E突变不同,BRAFV600K突变的发生率随年龄增加而增大。BRAFV600K突变阳性的黑色素瘤与累积性阳光诱导的损伤相关,这可以解释为何在不同地域(紫外线暴露程度不同)所进行的研究中BRAFV600K突变的发生率各不相同。

在一个纳入了80名BRAF突变肿瘤的回顾性分析中,有56人为黑色素瘤,这提示在转移性黑色素瘤中BRAFV600K突变者发生脑转移和肺转移的概率增加,并且与其他类型的BRAF突变相比,确诊至出现转移和死亡的间隔时间更短。

BRIM-3是一个随机3期临床研究,该研究比较了vemurafenib和达卡巴嗪对不能经手术切除的、既往没有接受过治疗的IIIc或IV期的BRAFV600突变的黑色素瘤庁。在初始阶段,对共同终点事件(总体生存期和无进展生存期)的分析指出,与接受达达卡巴嗪治疗的患者相比,采用vemurafenib治疗能显著降低患者死亡或病情进展的风险。

在不同的亚组患者中,研究者也观察到与达卡巴嗪相比,vemurafenib所带来的治疗获益,包括那些疾病分期处于IIIc或IV期的患者,并且所获得的治疗获益于患者乳酸脱氢酶浓度无关。在本文中,在对整个患者群体增加的随访时间之后,研究者更新了BRIM-3研究中与安全性和有效性相关的数据,同时研究者也分析了在BRAFV600E和BRAFV600K突变阳性的患者中,与达卡巴嗪治疗相比,使用vemurafenib治疗的有效性和安全性结果。

原始出处:
McArthur GA1, Chapman PB2, Robert C3, Larkin J4, Haanen JB5, Dummer R6, Ribas A7, Hogg D8, Hamid O9, Ascierto PA10, Garbe C11, Testori A12, Maio M13, Lorigan P14, Lebbé C15, Jouary T16, Schadendorf D17, O'Day SJ18, Kirkwood JM19, Eggermont AM20, Dréno B21, Sosman JA22, Flaherty KT23, Yin M24, Caro I24, Cheng S25, Trunzer K26, Hauschild A27.Safety and efficacy of vemurafenib in BRAFV600E and BRAFV600K mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM-3): extended follow-up of a phase 3, randomised, open-label study.Lancet Oncol. 2014 Feb 6. pii: S1470-2045(14)70012-9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70012-9. 

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    2014-04-03 howi
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    2014-03-01 sunylz
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827709, encodeId=e609182e709aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Apr 03 10:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680235, encodeId=6f78168023525, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Mar 01 12:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663176, encodeId=4b7016631e62c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76ed183e2ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Vemurafenib#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18372, encryptionId=76ed183e2ef, topicName=Vemurafenib)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29c625536559, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Fri Nov 14 21:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864508, encodeId=16341864508d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon Apr 07 06:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558651, encodeId=ba221558651d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564660, encodeId=53c3156466043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-04-07 minlingfeng
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827709, encodeId=e609182e709aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Apr 03 10:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680235, encodeId=6f78168023525, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Mar 01 12:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663176, encodeId=4b7016631e62c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76ed183e2ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Vemurafenib#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18372, encryptionId=76ed183e2ef, topicName=Vemurafenib)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29c625536559, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Fri Nov 14 21:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864508, encodeId=16341864508d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon Apr 07 06:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558651, encodeId=ba221558651d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564660, encodeId=53c3156466043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827709, encodeId=e609182e709aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Apr 03 10:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1680235, encodeId=6f78168023525, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e5c86e0712' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86707, encryptionId=9e5c86e0712, topicName=色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=343027846633, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Mar 01 12:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663176, encodeId=4b7016631e62c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76ed183e2ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Vemurafenib#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18372, encryptionId=76ed183e2ef, topicName=Vemurafenib)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29c625536559, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Fri Nov 14 21:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864508, encodeId=16341864508d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon Apr 07 06:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558651, encodeId=ba221558651d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564660, encodeId=53c3156466043, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 04:26:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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