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Pediatrics:预防儿童铅中毒,我们应该怎么做?

2016-06-21 MedSci MedSci原创

越来越多的研究表明,儿童摄入低剂量铅也可引起不可逆的精神损害和行为问题,AAP敦促政府和医务人员加大力度努力保护儿童使其免受铅中毒的危害。声明发表在Pediatrics,AAP呼吁政府和社会采取更为严格的监管措施,采取有效措施,保护儿童更好地成长。 AAP环境卫生委员会主席Jennifer Lowry博士指出,血铅浓度水平没有安全线,治疗铅中毒的最佳措施是避免儿童暴露于含铅环境中。 最近,研究人员

越来越多的研究表明,儿童摄入低剂量铅也可引起不可逆的精神损害和行为问题,AAP敦促政府和医务人员加大力度努力保护儿童使其免受铅中毒的危害。声明发表在Pediatrics,AAP呼吁政府和社会采取更为严格的监管措施,采取有效措施,保护儿童更好地成长。

 
AAP环境卫生委员会主席Jennifer Lowry博士指出,血铅浓度水平没有安全线,治疗铅中毒的最佳措施是避免儿童暴露于含铅环境中。 

最近,研究人员认为儿童血铅水平达到10μg/dL都令人担忧。但越来越多的证据显示,儿童血铅水平低于5μg/dL都会导致儿童出现心理和行为问题,如智商低、注意力不集中、冲动易怒等。

声明指出,在2007-2010年,约2.6%的美国1-5岁学龄前儿童(共535000人)血铅浓度超过5µg/dL。AAP敦促政府制定新的联邦标准,对民众住房的灰尘、水、土壤等进行规定,减少污染,保障儿童保健设施的安全性。民众若为住房降低铅水平每花费1美元,将会获得社会福利约17-221美元,为儿童注射相关疫苗也会有相应补贴。当儿童开始学爬或长牙开始接触铅的几率增加,若儿童住在老房子或翻修2房则暴露几率增加。预计美国有3700万个家庭使用含铅油漆。
 
如果儿童居住在机场、工厂附近,由于周围土壤含有机场或工厂排出的废气或废液则接触铅的几率增加。污染河流和重金属工厂经管道排入湖泊的水域也含有大量的铅,儿童接触这些土壤或饮用这些非洁净水则增加暴露铅的几率。此外, Benard P. Dreyer博士指出,玩具、进口铝罐、乙烯外包装盒和餐具等也含有不同浓度的铅,家长若在含有铅的工作场所(如枪支加工厂或爆竹制造厂)上班,则下班后衣服上可能携带有铅,儿童接触这些都增加机体血铅浓度。
 
AAP敦促政府对12-24月大且生活在1950年以前建造的房子的婴儿进行体检,以评估他们的血铅水平。若儿童血铅水平高于5μg/dL,则医生应询问家长家中的住房情况,最近6个月内是否进行翻修或其他处理。同时呼吁政府加大资金和技术支持,最大程度降低铅对儿童的危害。

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    2017-05-24 feather89
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    2017-04-23 hbwxf
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    2016-09-12 ylzr123

    关注学习。赞。

    0

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    2016-06-23 mashirong

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