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2013版多发性骨髓瘤诊疗指南(梅奥诊所)

2013-04-05 MedSci MedSci原创

     来自梅奥诊所癌症中心的研究人员近期发布了多发性骨髓瘤诊治指南。该指南针对尚未参加临床试验的新近诊断为多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)的患者。该指南能帮助临床医生便于为患者提供初始治疗、干细胞移植以及维持治疗。该指南发表于近期的《梅奥医学进展》(Mayo Clinic Proceedings )杂志中,并且附带了来自明

     来自梅奥诊所癌症中心的研究人员近期发布了多发性骨髓瘤诊治指南。该指南针对尚未参加临床试验的新近诊断为多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)的患者。该指南能帮助临床医生便于为患者提供初始治疗、干细胞移植以及维持治疗。该指南发表于近期的《梅奥医学进展》(Mayo Clinic Proceedings )杂志中,并且附带了来自明尼苏达洲、佛罗里达洲以及阿利桑那洲的梅奥癌症中心血液学家的一致意见。

       多发性骨髓瘤是浆细胞在骨髓内恶性增殖伴单克隆免疫球蛋白产生为特征的一种克隆性血液病,现仍法治愈。在美国每年受到该疾病困扰的人数超过20,000 人。过去的十年中,梅奥诊所在多发性骨髓瘤的药物治疗取得了巨大的进步,尤其是在疾病病理、新药开发上,并使得整体存活率成倍增加。然而,作为医疗机构梅奥诊所在基于患者个体风险因素的优化治疗并未取得突破。

       由于多发性骨髓瘤疾病的复杂性,它的管理需根据疾病与患者相关因素。现在时兴的主要最具影响力的是风险分层,风险分层主要基于细胞遗传学特征。风险调适疗法能会为患者提供最佳治疗,以确保疾病进展期得到强化治疗,降低毒副作用,为低危患者提供有效而不太激烈的治疗。

     这份指南共识声明反映了20多个梅奥诊所的骨髓瘤医生的建议。指南的主要作者是来自阿利桑那洲的梅奥癌症中心血液学家Joseph Mikhael博士,他指出新指南能帮助低危患者避免严重的副作用,并为疾病进展期的患者提供更多强化治疗。

       指南亮点一览:
       强烈推荐患者报名参加临床试验为首选治疗或者支持治疗。
       在新药治疗中,建议根据疾病的风险因素将患者分为三个组:高危组、中危组以及低危组。既往指南只包括高危组与标危组。
       增加了评估多发性骨髓瘤患者风险的因素,包括使用基因表达分析,以帮助识别高危患者。
       为更好应对疾病,更加重视利用改进化疗延迟造血干细胞移植。
       维持治疗建议使用来那度胺以及硼替佐米,以便于平衡治疗效益与短期和长期的毒副作用。


图1   可骨髓移植患者的梅奥骨髓瘤分层以及风险调适疗法治疗步骤

图2   无法骨髓移植患者的梅奥骨髓瘤分层以及风险调适疗法治疗步骤
图注:CR:完全缓解;                               CyBorD:环磷酰胺-硼替佐米-地塞米松;
        Rd: 来那度胺-地塞米松;             VRd:硼替佐米-来那度胺-地塞米松;
 MP:美法仑-强的松;                       MPT:美法仑-强的松-沙利度胺;

原始出处:

文献标题:Management of Newly Diagnosed Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma: Updated Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and Risk-Adapted Therapy (mSMART) Consensus Guidelines 2013
文献出处:Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic   2013 Apr ; 88 (4): 360-76
 

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    2014-02-21 jml2009
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    2013-04-07 hb2008ye
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