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ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.:创新伤口新辅料,或将改善抗生素预防感染新格局

2021-05-12 Viho MedSci原创

近日,瑞典查尔默斯理工大学的研究人员开发了一种防止伤口感染的的水凝胶-抗菌肽 (AMPs),被认为是预防皮肤伤口感染的一种很有前途的抗生素替代品。

人体皮肤是一种有效的屏障,可保护组织免受微生物的侵害,但它也是最容易受到损害和伤害的组织。受伤的皮肤是细菌定植和感染的脆弱环境。感染的伤口会减慢伤口的愈合过程,并可能导致患者发病和高昂的医疗费用。如果感染的伤口处理不当,可能导致败血病甚至死亡。

目前,临床上将抗生素作为针对感染伤口的主要治疗手段。然而,有效的抗生素治疗需要进行微生物鉴定。微生物分析通常既是一项艰巨又耗时的过程。在某些情况下,伤口中存在的细菌具有形成并存在于生物膜中的能力。这样的生物膜具有复杂的结构,并且通常对宿主的免疫反应和抗生素治疗具有抗性。

此外,全身性抗生素治疗通常不能为感染部位提供合适的抗生素浓度,并且已显示在慢性肉芽创面中无效。最重要的是,抗生素耐药性在伤口感染中越来越引起人们的关注,美国疾病控制中心预测,到2050年,抗生素感染导致的死亡人数将超过所有癌症的总和。当然会使伤口管理复杂化。

考虑到上述所有局限性,开放性皮肤伤口感染的管理将继续对临床医生构成挑战。因此,在感染方面,预防是开放伤口的第一道防线。预防性伤口护理应意味着在伤口受感染的微生物仍具有有限的增殖能力且尚未深入到组织中引起宿主反应的早期阶段对伤口进行处理。

水凝胶-抗菌肽 (AMPs)

近日,瑞典查尔默斯理工大学的研究人员开发了一种防止伤口感染的的水凝胶-抗菌肽 (AMPs),被认为是预防皮肤伤口感染的一种很有前途的抗生素替代品。它对所有类型的细菌,包括耐抗生素的细菌都有作用。并将结果发表在ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering上。

新的杀菌材料中的活性物质由抗菌肽组成,这些小蛋白质在我们的免疫系统中自然存在。

由于AMPs在血液等生物环境中的半衰期较短,其在临床上的应用受到限制。在合适的底物上共价固定AMPs是一种有效的解决办法,以创造接触杀伤表面,提高长期稳定性。

研究人员将阳离子AMP RRPRPRPWWWW-NH2(RRP9W4N)共价固定在有序的两亲中孔水凝胶上,制备了一种抗菌水凝胶,该凝胶由交联的Pluronic F 127三嵌段共聚物和水组成。这种水凝胶是用液晶形式的双丙烯酸酯F 127交联而成的,根据其相图,形成胶束立方相。将AMPs共价固定在这类材料上,形成了一种高吸液性能的三维抗菌水凝胶。

以往已有的研究表明,AMPs物理负载于分散的立方溶致液晶凝胶颗粒(立方体)中,在不释放多肽的情况下,具有较高的杀菌活性,提高了酶降解的稳定性。

研究发现,AMPs与三维和宏观立方溶致液晶水凝胶共价连接时,能观察到同样的效应。这类水凝胶具有两亲结构,暴露了其亲水位置,使其共价附着,而水凝胶的疏水部分提供了与两亲AMPs的疏水相互作用,从而提高了AMPs的固定化和稳定性。

合成改性Pluronic F 127(MF 127)的化学反应,CH代表三乙胺

为了进一步分析水凝胶表面不同细菌种类的活细胞和死亡细胞的数量,研究人员采用活/死染色法进行荧光显微镜观察。

分析发现,AMPs可局部杀死与贴片表面接触的细菌,减少伤口生物屏障和防止细菌侵入组织的潜力。

 

附有或不含AMPs的水凝胶上细菌的图像。细菌经Syto 9和碘化丙啶染色。活细菌呈绿色,死细菌呈红色。(A)表皮葡萄球菌,(B)金黄色葡萄球菌,和(C)铜绿假单胞菌.

事实上,医学界已方法认识到抗菌肽的有益特性。长期以来,研究人员一直试图模仿和利用它们的自然功能来预防和治疗感染,以减少传统抗生素的使用。该研究的AMP-水凝胶是一种新型的抗菌材料,用于减少开放性伤口中细菌的生物屏障,具有预防和治疗感染的效果。或将受益外伤患者。

原始出处:Saba Atefyekta, Edvin Blomstrand, Anand K. Rajasekharan, Sara Svensson, Margarita Trobos, Jaan Hong, Thomas J. Webster, Peter Thomsen, Martin Andersson. Antimicrobial Peptide-Functionalized Mesoporous Hydrogels. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2021; 7 (4): 1693 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00029

 

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    2021-08-23 sunylz
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    2021-12-02 spoonycyy
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    2021-05-14 yaanren
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    2021-05-12 wxl882001

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基于纳米纤维的伤口敷料可以诱导抗菌肽的产生

装有维生素D的纳米纤维伤口敷料刺激了抗菌肽的产生,这是抗击手术部位感染或SSI的关键一步。俄勒冈州立大学的研究人员和其他合作者的研究结果很重要,因为SSI是最常见的医疗保健相关感染,并导致广泛的人类痛苦和经济损失。研究人员使用静电纺丝制备含有生物活性形式的维生素D。

J Antimicrob Chemother:抗菌肽IARR-Anal10可有效控制耐药菌所致的感染

全球抗生素耐药性的增加对公众健康构成威胁。抗菌肽(AMPs)是传统抗生素的一种潜在有效替代品。因此,我们测试了来自Branchiostoma japonicum的AMP mBjAMP1的类似物,通过添加和/或替换氨基酸来增加对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。方法:我们比较了mBjAMP1类似物对革兰氏阴性菌标准株和52株从患者身上分离的肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抗菌活性。评估抗生物膜活性和细胞毒性,然后进一步研究作

Biomed Res Int:抗菌肽Nal-P-113抑制牙周病原菌的生长并改善牙周状况

牙周病的特征包括牙周结缔组织降解和牙槽骨丧失。药物治疗常用作严重慢性牙周炎、侵袭性牙周炎和牙周炎相关系统疾病的辅助手段。 Nal-P-113是一种修饰的抗菌肽,氨基酸β-萘基丙氨酸特异性取代P-113的组氨酸残基,既往研究证实,这种新型肽在一定浓度范围内对人体无毒性。本研究旨在评估Nal-P-113对临床研究中牙周病原体和牙周状态的影响。在一项口腔临床试验中,与对照组相比,实验组的探诊深度和出血指

Nat Commun:研究发现LL-37/CRAMP是血小板活化和血栓炎症的重要介质

白细胞释放的抗菌肽有助于消除病原体和激活免疫系统,但是其在血栓形成中的作用尚未完全了解。在这里我们显示cathelicidin LL-37在急性心肌梗塞患者的血栓中的水平较高。其小鼠同系物CRAMP存在于血管损伤后的小鼠动脉血栓中,并且主要来源于循环中性粒细胞。骨髓嵌合体小鼠中造血CRAMP的缺乏减少了血小板募集和血栓形成。LL-37和CRAMP通过蛋白酪氨酸激酶Src/Syk和磷脂酶C参与糖蛋白

Clin Oral Invest: 龋病病原体对抗菌肽的敏感性

抗菌肽(AMPs)代表免疫系统控制感染的重要方面。然而,病原体对AMP的易感性不同。该研究调查了变形链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)(SM),内氏放线菌(Actinomyces naeslundii)(AN)和乳酸杆菌(LB)对AMP易感性,以及这些高风险菌株的出现与临床龋状态之间的相关性。

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