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Immunity:肿瘤为何分“冷”和“热”?Cell子刊全新揭秘!

2018-07-03 风铃 生物探索

与T细胞较少的“冷”肿瘤相比,充满T细胞的所谓“热”肿瘤通常被认为对免疫疗法更敏感。那么,肿瘤为何会发展成“冷”和“热”?调节“冷热”能否改善癌症治疗呢?近日,由宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家们带来的一项成果部分回答了这些问题。

6月26日,发表在Immunity杂志上题为“Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Factors Underlie Heterogeneity of Immune Cell Infiltration and Response to Immunotherapy”的研究证实,肿瘤的“冷热”是由“癌细胞本身的信息”决定的。

领导这一研究的Ben Stanger教授说:“毫无疑问,靶向免疫细胞的新型疗法为许多癌症患者带来了希望,但并不是所有人都能响应这类疗法。由于每个肿瘤都是不同的,因此,我们一直在调查如何利用肿瘤细胞背后的生物学来成功治疗更多的癌症患者。”

肿瘤中免疫细胞的数量和类型是其多样性的一部分。先前有研究表明,肿瘤“吸引”T细胞的程度是由肿瘤特有的基因控制的。

在这项新研究中,Stanger教授带领的团队调查了肿瘤异质性(tumor heterogeneity)的作用。他们创建了来自胰腺癌小鼠模型的一个胰腺肿瘤细胞系文库(a library of pancreatic tumor cell lines)。当将这些细胞系移植到正常的小鼠体内后,它们会发展成“冷热”两种类型的肿瘤,其中,以“冷”肿瘤为主。而肿瘤“是冷是热”决定了它能否响应免疫疗法。



图片来源:Immunity

当用检查点抑制剂治疗携带“热”肿瘤的小鼠后,有一半的小鼠表现出了肿瘤缓解,并且这种效果会随着加入抗CD40激动剂(anti-CD40 agonist)、联合化疗或两者兼有而增强。26只携带“热”肿瘤且接受化疗和免疫疗法联合治疗(a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy called GAFCP)的小鼠中,有20只存活超过了6个月,表明小鼠对该疗法产生了持久的响应。相比之下,没有一只携带“冷”肿瘤的小鼠在接受这一治疗后癌症得到清除。

为了弄清这一现象的分子基础,研究小组调查了由“冷”肿瘤释放的因子。结果发现,“冷”肿瘤细胞产生了一种叫做CXCL1的化合物。该分子会向骨髓细胞发出信号,让它们进入肿瘤,同时也会向T细胞发出信号,让它们远离肿瘤,最终导致“冷”肿瘤对免疫疗法不敏感。

研究还证实,敲除“冷”肿瘤中的CXCL1可促进T细胞浸润以及提高肿瘤对免疫疗法的敏感性。作者们认为,这些新发现有望帮助肿瘤学家为癌症患者提供更精准的治疗。

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    2019-04-29 维他命
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    2018-07-03 1e16d8a5m40(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

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