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样本量计算:成组设计的病例对照研究

2017-09-01 佚名 医咖会微信号

样本量的计算直接影响着临床试验的阴性或者阳性,而如何计算样本量实现效益与经济的平衡,是非常关键的问题。本公众号将持续转载报道医咖会整理的样本量计算系列推文,以便掌握样本量计算方法,助力临床试验设计

样本量的计算直接影响着临床试验的阴性或者阳性,而如何计算样本量实现效益与经济的平衡,是非常关键的问题。本公众号将持续转载报道医咖会整理的样本量计算系列推文,以便掌握样本量计算方法,助力临床试验设计

1、问题与数据

某研究者拟进行一项病例对照研究,探讨吸烟与肺癌的关系。选择肺癌患者为病例组,选择非肺癌患者为对照组。预期比值比OR=2.0,对照组人群中的吸烟率约为20%,设α=0.05,β=0.10。拟定病例组和对照组采用相等样本量,请问如何估计病例组和对照组的样本量?

2、对问题的分析

研究者的设计为病例对照研究,并且病例组和对照组各为一组,因此该设计类型为成组设计的病例对照研究。病例对照研究中,我们把想要探讨的危险因素称为暴露。

如果我们关注的暴露因素有多个,则计算样本量的原则一般如下:1)以最想关注的那个暴露因素计算得到的样本量为准;2)计算所有的暴露因素应有的样本量,然后取最大值。

3、PASS软件计算样本量方法

1)选择Proportions→Two Independent Proportions→Test (Inequality)→Test for Two Proportions[Odds Ratios]

2)Find (Solve for)中选择N1,Power (1-Beta)中选择0.9,Alpha (Significance Level)中选择0.05,N2 (Sample Size Group 2)中选择Use R,R (Sample Allocation Ratio)中选择1.0,OR1 (Odds Ratio|H1=O1/O2)中填入2.0,P2 (Control Group Proportion)中选择0.2。其它选择为默认选项后,点击RUN。

4、结果解读

PASS软件给出了样本量计算的结果、参考文献、报告中的名词定义和总结性描述。在样本量计算结果中我们需要关注以下两列:

1)Sample Size Grp 1 (N1):病例组样本量。本研究的病例组需要230例研究对象。

2)Sample Size Grp 2 (N2):对照组样本量。本研究的对照组需要230例研究对象。

5、撰写结论

本研究为成组设计的病例对照研究。病例组为肺癌患者,对照组为非肺癌患者,吸烟为主要观察的暴露因素。根据既往文献报道,对照组(非肺癌患者)人群中的吸烟率约为20%。预期OR=2.0,设α=0.05,β=0.10。利用PASS 11软件计算得到病例组和对照组的样本量N1=N2=230例。假定研究对象的无应答率为10%,则需样本量N1=N2=230÷0.9=256例。假定问卷合格率为90%,则共需样本量为N1=N2=256÷0.9=284例。

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    2018-04-30 xugc
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    2018-01-22 zhzhxiang
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    2017-10-24 amyloid
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map