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J Pineal Res:神经酰胺可以调节褪黑素诱导的肝癌细胞自噬和凋亡

2015-05-24 MedSci MedSci原创

肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在癌症引起的死亡中排名第三,虽然目前手术仍然是治疗肝细胞癌的首选,但是手术治疗的时机非常局限。肝癌的发病机制复杂,肝癌发生过程中多种细胞信号级联反应发生改变,比如神经酰胺代谢通常会被神经酰胺降解酶的过度表达或其生成酶的过度下调所打乱。<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt; font-family:Cal

肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在癌症引起的死亡中排名第三,虽然目前手术仍然是治疗肝细胞癌的首选,但是手术治疗的时机非常局限。肝癌的发病机制复杂,肝癌发生过程中多种细胞信号级联反应发生改变,比如神经酰胺代谢通常会被神经酰胺降解酶的过度表达或其生成酶的过度下调所打乱。

而自噬不仅在应激状态下维持胞内的代谢稳态,也可以在特殊情况下诱导细胞凋亡。研究认为,神经酰胺在调节细胞自噬活动中起非常重要的作用,同时可以兼顾调节细胞凋亡。

此外,有研究发现褪黑素可以诱导癌细胞凋亡,但是关于褪黑素在细胞自噬和神经酰胺代谢方面的作用并不清楚。

近来有研究评价了褪黑素在细胞自噬和神经酰胺代谢中的影响,及神经酰胺代谢在褪黑素诱导的肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用。研究结果发现,褪黑素(2 mM)可以通过氨基末端激酶(JNK)的磷酸化,瞬时诱导HepG2细胞发生自噬,表现为Beclin1的表达增加,p62降解和LC3II与LAMP2的共表达,提示细胞活性降低。此外,ATG5-基因沉默技术会增加HepG2细胞对褪黑素诱导的细胞凋亡的敏感性,这提示自噬在细胞坏死中起双重作用。


褪黑素可以通过从头合成和刺激酸性鞘磷脂酶(ASMase)两种途径提高神经酰胺水平。


另外,研究者发现,使用多球壳菌素抑制丝氨酸棕榈酰转移酶(SPT),可以阻止褪黑素诱导的细胞自噬,而使用丙咪嗪抑制ASMase,会损害细胞的自噬过程。但是,抑制ASMase在部分程度上可以阻止HepG2细胞免于褪黑素的损害,而抑制SPT,却可以显著地提高细胞的死亡率。

这些研究结果提示,SPT介导的神经酰胺的生成和自噬在抵抗褪黑素诱导的细胞凋亡中,存在交叉影响,同时,特定的ASMase诱导的神经酰胺的生成参与褪黑素介导的细胞死亡。因此,双重的阻断SPT酶活性和细胞自噬,对褪黑素诱导的肝癌细胞的凋亡,起非常重要的作用。最后,研究者认为神经酰胺代谢可以调节褪黑素诱导的肝癌细胞的自噬和凋亡,抑制自噬可以提高褪黑素在肝癌治疗中的作用。

原始出处:

Ordoñez R, Fernández A, Prieto-Domínguez N,et al.Ceramide metabolism
regulates autophagy and apoptotic-cell death induced by melatonin in liver
cancer cells. J Pineal Res. 2015 May 14. doi:10.1111/jpi.12249.

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    2015-05-26 yxch36
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    2015-05-26 xugc

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