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OGTT与馒头餐试验,孰优孰劣?

2016-09-28 安徽省立医院内分泌科 黄斌 医学界内分泌频道

目前内分泌科经常开展的、用于评估胰岛功能的检查主要有口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)和馒头餐试验。OGTT的具体操作目前国际上统一釆用口服无水葡萄糖75g或者含1分子结晶水的葡萄糖82.5g(临床上常用的50%葡萄糖即为一水葡萄糖)溶解于约300ml水中,嘱患者5分钟喝完,之后抽血检查0、30、60、120、180分钟等时间点的葡萄糖、胰岛素、C肽水平。馒头餐试验的具体操作标准馒头餐试验(SBMT)

目前内分泌科经常开展的、用于评估胰岛功能的检查主要有口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)和馒头餐试验。


OGTT的具体操作


目前国际上统一釆用口服无水葡萄糖75g或者含1分子结晶水的葡萄糖82.5g(临床上常用的50%葡萄糖即为一水葡萄糖)溶解于约300ml水中,嘱患者5分钟喝完,之后抽血检查0、30、60、120、180分钟等时间点的葡萄糖、胰岛素、C肽水平。


馒头餐试验的具体操作


标准馒头餐试验(SBMT)食用的馒头,以100g富强面粉制成,其约含葡萄糖75g(注意馒头的重量不是100g),在10-15分钟内进食完成,测量血糖方法相同,同时测定胰岛素释放以及C肽水平即可反映胰岛功能状况。


两种实验的差异


1、部分患者口服葡萄糖后往往出现恶心、呕吐,且可导致血糖急骤升高;而食用馒头可以避免口服葡萄糖所引起的恶心、呕吐等副作用,也不会引起血糖的显著变化。


2、有部分研究认为使用馒头餐评估T2DM胰岛功能,与OGTT实验相比可明显减轻患者胰岛的负担。馒头餐所使用的馒头和生理进食的体积较一致,对胃肠道的机械刺激符合生理,目前有文献报道馒头餐实验较OGTT有更佳的刺激GLP-1(胰高血糖素样肽-1)的作用。


3、馒头的消化较糖水慢,故馒头餐试验血糖高峰比葡萄糖高峰延迟30~60分钟,对胰岛素的刺激作用也相对弱且高峰后移。


4、有较多文献报道,进食馒头后引起的血糖、胰岛素或C肽的变化与口服75g葡萄糖所得到的试验结果相近,故可用来替代OGTT,但由于馒头不易准确定量,更易受到胃肠道吸收情况的影响,且面粉不是纯淀粉,含有少量蛋白质,消化后的氨基酸对β细胞的刺激作用与葡萄糖的作用叠加在一起,与单纯葡萄糖的刺激是不同的,100g面粉的馒头最终能消化成多少葡萄糖吸收入血液也难以精确估计,因此不建议作为确诊试验,这一点中国2型糖尿病防治指南都有明确的界定。故笔者认为诊断糖尿病还应严格采用OGTT试验的结果。


5、纪立农教授的研究提示,无论是OGTT还是馒头餐,二者对受试者引起酮症的风险没有统计学差异,故从安全性考虑,二者无优劣之分。


总结


由于高糖毒性作用,血糖较高的患者胰岛β细胞本身受抑制,强行评价其胰岛功能是不科学亦不准确的。临床上,一般先用胰岛素或降糖药物控制血糖稳定一段时间后,再行评估。


糖尿病是一种高度个体差异性的疾病,在评估负荷后胰岛功能时,无论是OGTT、馒头餐亦或是静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)等功能试验均各有优劣,选择最合适的评估方法,并掌握其刺激胰岛素C肽的特点,对临床工作意义重大。

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    2016-10-11 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    总结的很好!

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    2016-10-11 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    分享一下!

    0

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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    口服葡萄糖一般不会引起恶心!学习了!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144724, encodeId=e1cb144e24b9, content=总结的很好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 17:02:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144722, encodeId=5010144e2254, content=分享一下!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 17:02:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140570, encodeId=8c321405e096, content=口服葡萄糖一般不会引起恶心!学习了!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 20:51:45 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140569, encodeId=177414056911, content=总结的很好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=1, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 20:46:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140568, encodeId=5fab14056879, content=学习了,分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 20:46:44 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138585, encodeId=66d8138585bd, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 14:57:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138584, encodeId=daa9138584ac, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 14:57:23 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1348526, encodeId=973d1348526aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ee41132e8b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#OGTT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13278, encryptionId=ee41132e8b1, topicName=OGTT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=shenxlcyp, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 12:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    总结的很好!

    0

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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    学习了,分享一下

    0

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    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-09-30 shenxlcyp

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