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精子畸形率高未必生育畸儿 医生详解几种致畸原因

2017-04-01 滕晓明 黄文强 范宇平 澎湃新闻

精子畸形率高会不会影响孩子?好消息是,到目前为止,并没有明确的证据表明,精子畸形率高会生育畸形的孩子。

精子畸形率高会不会影响孩子?好消息是,到目前为止,并没有明确的证据表明,精子畸形率高会生育畸形的孩子。

精子和卵子的结合是一个非常复杂的过程。每次的性生活都会射出千万条以上的精子,但是最终到达输卵管中只有极少数的“精英”精子,因为卵子以及生殖道中存在各种选择、淘汰精子的能力,那些缺胳膊少腿的精子,在选择的过程中都将被淘汰,最后通常只有一条精子和卵子相结合,完成受精。

虽然我们并不能确定哪一条精子能受精,但应该是活动力最好、形态正常的精子和卵子相结合,形成胚胎。因此,畸形率高会增加怀孕的难度,是否会造成畸形儿需要进一步的检查和研究。

据报道,我国每年可能有50- 60万甚至更多的缺陷儿出生,因此,早预防、早治疗、早处理胎儿畸形直接关系到家庭幸福、人口质量。到目前为止,已知导致胎儿先天性畸形的诱发因素为有母亲年龄、近亲婚配、妊娠疾病、药物、物理因素及妊娠期感染

研究表明,染色体数目及结构异常、单基因缺陷是畸形儿发生的重要原因。对流产胎儿染色体的研究发现,流产胎儿染色体异常率很高,约为50%~60%,绝大多数染色体异常胚胎在妊娠早期经自然流产而被淘汰,仅有6%的染色体异常胎儿可维持宫内生存并分娩出生。

畸形儿的发生可能与孕妇年龄有关。有研究表明,25岁以下及35岁以上产妇,畸形儿发生率高。这可能与其年纪较小、月经周期尚不稳定有关;高龄孕妇则可能与其致畸因素的积累有关。

畸形儿的发生可能与季节有关。有研究表明冬季妊娠所分娩的畸形儿比例最高。孕早期正值冬季时,可能与寒冷、传染病多,尤其与病毒感染关系密切。孕早期为胚胎易受外界不良因素影响的时期,是神经管缺损发生的高度敏感期。此期孕妇有流感样疾病,服用解热镇痛药的孕妇分娩畸形儿的几率明显升高。

畸形儿发生可能与营养状况密切相关。各种维生素的缺乏,或某种维生素过多,以及微量元素摄入不足都会干扰机体的正常代谢,从而影响胎儿的正常生长和发育,导致畸形发生。在漫长的冬季,农村缺少新鲜蔬菜、水果,可能导致胎儿长期缺乏必需的维生素、微量元素等。

孕妇的职业也可能与畸形儿发生相关。相关的研究表明,在神经管畸形中,职业为农民的母亲分娩畸形儿的比率较城市职工高,在消化系统、运动系统畸形中,城市职工和农民这两种职业比较没有统计学差异。

随着社会环境和生活方式的转变,饮酒、吸烟不再是男人们的专利,现代女性饮酒和吸烟的人群显着的增加。研究表明,在整个妊娠中都饮酒的孕妇,畸形儿比率为9.6%,在妊娠前每天吸烟11支以上者,畸形儿为13.5%,与对照组作比较,两组无明显的统计学意义。但是,孕妇饮酒、吸烟与新生儿脏器畸形有关,如血管畸形、神经系统畸形、泌尿生殖系统畸形的发生率都比不饮酒和不吸烟的孕妇高。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185264, encodeId=7a9718526495, content=无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfibsxCgqmBF6qeZiblBbDXpYs0xXEwm2aSZnDa9fGBEyusNCuca6Vs02Redg0icvibvMTfczic1xKiaIg97QZnXXhvRv/0, createdBy=8cb21788877, createdName=东宝, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 07:30:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362162, encodeId=8034136216209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184570, encodeId=9bbd1845e0bb, content=所以具体问题还得具体分析, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 13:01:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184547, encodeId=adb518454ee6, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:12:22 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184502, encodeId=60ac184502f9, content=太可怕了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 09:04:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-05 东宝

    无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185264, encodeId=7a9718526495, content=无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfibsxCgqmBF6qeZiblBbDXpYs0xXEwm2aSZnDa9fGBEyusNCuca6Vs02Redg0icvibvMTfczic1xKiaIg97QZnXXhvRv/0, createdBy=8cb21788877, createdName=东宝, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 07:30:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362162, encodeId=8034136216209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184570, encodeId=9bbd1845e0bb, content=所以具体问题还得具体分析, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 13:01:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184547, encodeId=adb518454ee6, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:12:22 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184502, encodeId=60ac184502f9, content=太可怕了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 09:04:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-03 wushaoling
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185264, encodeId=7a9718526495, content=无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfibsxCgqmBF6qeZiblBbDXpYs0xXEwm2aSZnDa9fGBEyusNCuca6Vs02Redg0icvibvMTfczic1xKiaIg97QZnXXhvRv/0, createdBy=8cb21788877, createdName=东宝, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 07:30:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362162, encodeId=8034136216209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184570, encodeId=9bbd1845e0bb, content=所以具体问题还得具体分析, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 13:01:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184547, encodeId=adb518454ee6, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:12:22 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184502, encodeId=60ac184502f9, content=太可怕了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 09:04:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-02 医艺依意

    所以具体问题还得具体分析

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185264, encodeId=7a9718526495, content=无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfibsxCgqmBF6qeZiblBbDXpYs0xXEwm2aSZnDa9fGBEyusNCuca6Vs02Redg0icvibvMTfczic1xKiaIg97QZnXXhvRv/0, createdBy=8cb21788877, createdName=东宝, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 07:30:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362162, encodeId=8034136216209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184570, encodeId=9bbd1845e0bb, content=所以具体问题还得具体分析, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 13:01:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184547, encodeId=adb518454ee6, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:12:22 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184502, encodeId=60ac184502f9, content=太可怕了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 09:04:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-02 wxl882001

    学习一下

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=185264, encodeId=7a9718526495, content=无论是在不孕还是胎儿致畸方面,女性因素不容小觑啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfibsxCgqmBF6qeZiblBbDXpYs0xXEwm2aSZnDa9fGBEyusNCuca6Vs02Redg0icvibvMTfczic1xKiaIg97QZnXXhvRv/0, createdBy=8cb21788877, createdName=东宝, createdTime=Wed Apr 05 07:30:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362162, encodeId=8034136216209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 12:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184570, encodeId=9bbd1845e0bb, content=所以具体问题还得具体分析, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/udqvoAsWtvRVficPKOpMh4M31O9bJ8jMiaUHAheeNpIqMapC8mUnBWfEskrcVjofbicWU4icRD6vFvVeEYlPmSbXELickazEGVFYO/0, createdBy=24741603767, createdName=医艺依意, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 13:01:48 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184547, encodeId=adb518454ee6, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 11:12:22 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184502, encodeId=60ac184502f9, content=太可怕了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 09:04:56 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-02 qjzhai1623

    太可怕了

    0

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