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JBJSA:疾病进展和患者依从性可影响支具治疗脊柱侧弯效果

2014-06-06 佚名 丁香园

尽管支具常用于青少年脊柱侧弯的临床治疗,但支具在避免侧弯进展、防止手术的功效,尚不明确。有学者报道,与观察及低剂量电刺激相比,支具可有效防止侧弯进展超过6度,支具治疗的74%未进展超过6度,而观察或电刺激治疗的只有34%未进展超过6度。 后继学者通过观察佩戴支具的依从性,将进展不超过6度作为支具治疗的目的,但并不能据此认为6度的进展使得手术治疗可能性降低。支具治疗若有价值,必须为在理想并真实

尽管支具常用于青少年脊柱侧弯的临床治疗,但支具在避免侧弯进展、防止手术的功效,尚不明确。有学者报道,与观察及低剂量电刺激相比,支具可有效防止侧弯进展超过6度,支具治疗的74%未进展超过6度,而观察或电刺激治疗的只有34%未进展超过6度。

后继学者通过观察佩戴支具的依从性,将进展不超过6度作为支具治疗的目的,但并不能据此认为6度的进展使得手术治疗可能性降低。支具治疗若有价值,必须为在理想并真实的情况下均有效。

确定一个治疗是否有效的两个方法为:最小临床意义变化值(如侧弯度数增加10度,20度或40度)和需治疗人数(如45%未治疗者结果差,而治疗将此发生率降低至20%,则绝对危险降低率为25%,那么需治疗人数为1/25%=4,即每4个治疗者中,将有1人因治疗了而避免效果差的后果)。需治疗人数对于支具这样的预防治疗很重要(越接近1,证明其越有效)。

美国罗彻斯特大学骨康复学科的学者进行了一项回顾性研究,提示支具治疗脊柱侧弯的有效性取决于侧弯进展倾向性和佩戴依从性,文章于2014年4月发表在JBJS上。

该回顾性研究共纳入100例10岁以上青少年特发性脊柱侧弯病例,侧弯角度介于25至45度,Risser征2以下(包括2)。所有病例均以Boston支具治疗,支具上配以热感器以观测支具佩戴情况(依从性)。

不依从的病例(佩戴时间每天低于2小时)与高依从(设定为每天佩戴时间10小时或14小时以上)及整个病例队列对比,手术的角度值设定为50度以上。根据支具治疗的病例数和最终侧弯度数50度以上需要手术的病例数计算需治疗人数及95%可信区间。

研究结果显示,28例(28%)最终侧弯度数超过50度需要手术,高依从性的病例年龄高于低依次性的病例。佩戴支具的时间(依从性)为手术的预测指标,27例无依从性病例中,44%进展得需手术,42例高依从性病例(每天10小时以上),只有2例需手术,需治疗人数为3;更高依从性的13例病例(每天14小时以上),没有需手术者,需治疗人数为3。

上述结果显示,支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯,只在依从性高的病例有效。对依从性高的病例(基于佩戴支具时间),需治疗人数为3(95%可信区间2-7)。尽管本研究为非随机的回顾病例分析,支具可实质性降低高依从性的青少年脊柱侧弯病例手术的风险。

对于临床医生而言,仅仅告知患者支具治疗远远不够(没有意义),而要告知其佩戴支具每天须10小时以上方有效。另一方面,支具治疗可使高依从性者每3人中1人避免手术,而另一些高依从者未从支具治疗获益,因为他们即使不用支具也不会发展至手术。

由于很多病例不佩戴支具亦未进展到需要手术,目前支具治疗的适应症似乎引起过度治疗。支具可降低侧弯进展至手术的风险,但目前支具治疗的适应症包括了很多即使不用支具也不会进展到50度以上的病例,总体而言,这些病例佩戴支具的依从性较低。

这就需要临床工作者确定出低进展风险、不需支具治疗的病例,以及提高那些高进展风险脊柱侧弯病例的依从性,方能实质上提高支具治疗的效果。

原始出处:


Sanders JO1, Newton PO2, Browne RH3, Katz DE3, Birch JG3, Herring JA3.Bracing for idiopathic scoliosis: how many patients require treatment to prevent one surgery?J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Apr 16;96(8):649-53. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00290.

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    2014-06-08 fyxzlh
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    2014-06-08 gous
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    2014-06-08 qingrejiedu

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