Baidu
map

研究设计与统计指南

订阅

MedSci主页 / 所有栏目 / 研究设计与统计指南

统计检验、P 值、置信区间和功效：误解指南

2021-10-01 Eur J Epidemiol . 2016 Apr;31(4):337-50.

统计

数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗

中文标题：

统计检验、P 值、置信区间和功效：误解指南

英文标题：

Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations

发布机构：

发布日期：

2021-10-01

简要介绍：

数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗工作科学家的耐心。这种高认知需求导致了一种简单的定义和解释的流行，这些定义和解释完全是错误的，有时甚至是灾难性的，但这些误解在大部分科学文献中占主导地位。鉴于此问题，我们提供了对基本统计数据的定义和讨论，这些统计数据比传统介绍性论述中的典型统计数据更普遍和更具批判性。我们的目标是为统计理论和技术知识可能有限但希望避免和发现误解的统计学教师、研究人员和消费者提供资源。我们强调，即使声明的测试假设是正确的，违反经常未说明的分析协议（例如根据它们产生的 P 值选择用于演示的分析）如何导致 P 值小，即使该假设是正确的，也可能导致大 P 值是不正确的。然后，我们提供了对 P 值、置信区间和功效的 25 种误解的解释性列表。我们总结了改进统计解释和报告的指南。

相关资料下载：
[AttachmentFileName(sort=1, fileName=1.pdf)] GetToolGuiderByIdResponse(projectId=1, id=a3f8d1c0022212a8, title=统计检验、P 值、置信区间和功效：误解指南 , enTitle=Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations, guiderFrom=Eur J Epidemiol . 2016 Apr;31(4):337-50., authorId=0, author=, summary=数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗, cover=, journalId=0, articlesId=null, associationId=0, associationName=, associationIntro=, copyright=0, guiderPublishedTime=Fri Oct 01 00:00:00 CST 2021, originalUrl=, linkOutUrl=, content=<p><span class="VIiyi" lang="zh-CN"><span class="JLqJ4b" data-language-for-alternatives="zh-CN" data-language-to-translate-into="en" data-phrase-index="0" data-number-of-phrases="1">数十年来，对统计检验、置信区间和统计能力的误解和滥用一直受到谴责，但仍然猖獗。一个关键问题是，对这些概念没有简单、直观、正确和万无一失的解释。相反，正确使用和解释这些统计数据需要注意细节，这似乎会消耗工作科学家的耐心。这种高认知需求导致了一种简单的定义和解释的流行，这些定义和解释完全是错误的，有时甚至是灾难性的，但这些误解在大部分科学文献中占主导地位。鉴于此问题，我们提供了对基本统计数据的定义和讨论，这些统计数据比传统介绍性论述中的典型统计数据更普遍和更具批判性。我们的目标是为统计理论和技术知识可能有限但希望避免和发现误解的统计学教师、研究人员和消费者提供资源。我们强调，即使声明的测试假设是正确的，违反经常未说明的分析协议（例如根据它们产生的 P 值选择用于演示的分析）如何导致 P 值小，即使该假设是正确的，也可能导致大 P 值是不正确的。然后，我们提供了对 P 值、置信区间和功效的 25 种误解的解释性列表。我们总结了改进统计解释和报告的指南。</span></span></p>, tagList=[TagDto(tagId=15, tagName=统计)], categoryList=[CategoryDto(categoryId=67, categoryName=研究设计与统计, tenant=100), CategoryDto(categoryId=85, categoryName=指南&解读, tenant=100), CategoryDto(categoryId=21100, categoryName=达仁堂循证e学界, tenant=100)], articleKeywordId=0, articleKeyword=, articleKeywordNum=6, guiderKeywordId=0, guiderKeyword=, guiderKeywordNum=6, haveAttachments=1, attachmentList=null, guiderType=0, guiderArea=指南, guiderLanguage=1, guiderRegion=10, opened=0, paymentType=, paymentAmount=10, recommend=0, recommendEndTime=null, sticky=0, stickyEndTime=null, allHits=2490, appHits=45, showAppHits=0, pcHits=918, showPcHits=2445, likes=1, shares=0, comments=6, approvalStatus=1, publishedTime=Thu Oct 21 18:33:12 CST 2021, publishedTimeString=2021-10-01, pcVisible=1, appVisible=1, editorId=4754896, editor=小小医者, waterMark=0, formatted=0, memberCards=[], isPrivilege=0, deleted=0, version=3, createdBy=null, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 12:51:28 CST 2021, updatedBy=4754896, updatedName=小小医者, updatedTime=Fri Jan 05 02:44:46 CST 2024, courseDetails=[], otherVersionGuiders=[], isGuiderMember=false, ipAttribution=, attachmentFileNameList=[AttachmentFileName(sort=1, fileName=1.pdf)])
1.pdf
下载请点击：
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241487, encodeId=6ec7124148e57, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=76525575603, createdName=ms9000001839830359, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 11:45:15 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082281, encodeId=e5e010822810c, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25a5516768, createdName=一己怀, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 00:30:13 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062794, encodeId=ae511062e9494, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/ca109a36eb734ee9aa318e67597d2ff5/0a1483d2e7bf4f539cd181d9fc284a1b.jpg, createdBy=60b25427703, createdName=ms2000001291440427, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 00:38:10 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062755, encodeId=3bc41062e55a2, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf0f5476482, createdName=妮妮029, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 22:33:18 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062696, encodeId=e9651062696c4, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e465455785, createdName=ms3000001188646769, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 20:42:44 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-28 ms9000001839830359

    感谢分享

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241487, encodeId=6ec7124148e57, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=76525575603, createdName=ms9000001839830359, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 11:45:15 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082281, encodeId=e5e010822810c, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25a5516768, createdName=一己怀, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 00:30:13 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062794, encodeId=ae511062e9494, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/ca109a36eb734ee9aa318e67597d2ff5/0a1483d2e7bf4f539cd181d9fc284a1b.jpg, createdBy=60b25427703, createdName=ms2000001291440427, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 00:38:10 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062755, encodeId=3bc41062e55a2, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf0f5476482, createdName=妮妮029, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 22:33:18 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062696, encodeId=e9651062696c4, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e465455785, createdName=ms3000001188646769, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 20:42:44 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-21 一己怀

    感谢

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241487, encodeId=6ec7124148e57, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=76525575603, createdName=ms9000001839830359, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 11:45:15 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082281, encodeId=e5e010822810c, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25a5516768, createdName=一己怀, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 00:30:13 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062794, encodeId=ae511062e9494, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/ca109a36eb734ee9aa318e67597d2ff5/0a1483d2e7bf4f539cd181d9fc284a1b.jpg, createdBy=60b25427703, createdName=ms2000001291440427, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 00:38:10 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062755, encodeId=3bc41062e55a2, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf0f5476482, createdName=妮妮029, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 22:33:18 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062696, encodeId=e9651062696c4, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e465455785, createdName=ms3000001188646769, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 20:42:44 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-22 ms2000001291440427

    感谢

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241487, encodeId=6ec7124148e57, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=76525575603, createdName=ms9000001839830359, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 11:45:15 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082281, encodeId=e5e010822810c, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25a5516768, createdName=一己怀, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 00:30:13 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062794, encodeId=ae511062e9494, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/ca109a36eb734ee9aa318e67597d2ff5/0a1483d2e7bf4f539cd181d9fc284a1b.jpg, createdBy=60b25427703, createdName=ms2000001291440427, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 00:38:10 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062755, encodeId=3bc41062e55a2, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf0f5476482, createdName=妮妮029, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 22:33:18 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062696, encodeId=e9651062696c4, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e465455785, createdName=ms3000001188646769, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 20:42:44 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-21 妮妮029

    感谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1241487, encodeId=6ec7124148e57, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=76525575603, createdName=ms9000001839830359, createdTime=Sun Aug 28 11:45:15 CST 2022, time=2022-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082281, encodeId=e5e010822810c, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25a5516768, createdName=一己怀, createdTime=Tue Dec 21 00:30:13 CST 2021, time=2021-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062794, encodeId=ae511062e9494, content=感谢, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201205/ca109a36eb734ee9aa318e67597d2ff5/0a1483d2e7bf4f539cd181d9fc284a1b.jpg, createdBy=60b25427703, createdName=ms2000001291440427, createdTime=Fri Oct 22 00:38:10 CST 2021, time=2021-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062755, encodeId=3bc41062e55a2, content=感谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cf0f5476482, createdName=妮妮029, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 22:33:18 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1062696, encodeId=e9651062696c4, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=guider, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e465455785, createdName=ms3000001188646769, createdTime=Thu Oct 21 20:42:44 CST 2021, time=2021-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-21 ms3000001188646769

    谢谢分享

    0

相关指南

大规模人群观察性研究的logistic回归样本量指南：强调基于现实世界临床数据的统计和参数之间的准确性

暂未更新 · 2021-10-01

泌尿领域临床研究与统计分析报告指南 2019

欧洲泌尿外科学会(EAU,European Association of Urology) · 2021-10-01

JBMR杂志数据报告和统计分析新指南

暂未更新 · 2021-10-01

IJBM杂志统计学指南（共6章）

暂未更新 · 2021-10-01

美国营养学会期刊作者和读者如何正确使用 P 值和策略以提高透明度和提高研究可重复性的指南

美国营养学会 · 2021-10-01

新英格兰杂志（NEJM）统计报告指南 2019

暂未更新 · 2021-10-01

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map