膝骨关节炎-话题@MedSci - 梅斯（MedSci）

#膝骨关节炎#

43篇内容 | 4067人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=1269265, encodeId=178012692656c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=专家共识丨尪痹片治疗类风湿关节炎/膝骨关节炎临床应用专家共识, objectType=article, longId=295242, objectId=63022952429c, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=63022952429c, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=119, createdTime=2022-02-09, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=63022952429c, moduleTitle=专家共识丨尪痹片治疗类风湿关节炎/膝骨关节炎临床应用专家共识, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=63022952429c)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269264, encodeId=757d12692645c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=A&R：磁共振成像评估软骨下囊肿和突发性膝痛和膝骨关节炎：来自多中心骨关节炎研究的数据, objectType=article, longId=294525, objectId=ff4629452530, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=ff4629452530, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=127, createdTime=2022-01-24, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=ff4629452530, moduleTitle=A&R：磁共振成像评估软骨下囊肿和突发性膝痛和膝骨关节炎：来自多中心骨关节炎研究的数据, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=ff4629452530)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269263, encodeId=15b5126926369, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=A &R: 阿托伐他汀对有症状膝骨关节炎患者膝关节软骨体积的影响：随机安慰剂对照试验的结果, objectType=article, longId=221560, objectId=f24722156043, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=f24722156043, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=122, createdTime=2021-12-06, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=f24722156043, moduleTitle=A &R: 阿托伐他汀对有症状膝骨关节炎患者膝关节软骨体积的影响：随机安慰剂对照试验的结果, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=f24722156043)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269262, encodeId=fbbc1269262d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=Arthritis Rheumatol：关节内皮质类固醇与透明质酸对膝骨关节炎进展的影响, objectType=article, longId=221406, objectId=fe2b221406b7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=fe2b221406b7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=148, createdTime=2021-12-03, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=fe2b221406b7, moduleTitle=Arthritis Rheumatol：关节内皮质类固醇与透明质酸对膝骨关节炎进展的影响, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=fe2b221406b7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269261, encodeId=8fac126926124, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=J PHYSIOTHER：短期冷冻疗法对减少膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛效果有限, objectType=article, longId=218611, objectId=52bd2186111c, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=52bd2186111c, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=120, createdTime=2021-10-16, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=52bd2186111c, moduleTitle=J PHYSIOTHER：短期冷冻疗法对减少膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛效果有限, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=52bd2186111c)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269260, encodeId=d2641269260d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=J PHYSIOTHER：理疗师为膝骨关节炎患者提供的治疗经验是什么?符合国家标准吗？, objectType=article, longId=218416, objectId=c8ef218416e6, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=c8ef218416e6, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=142, createdTime=2021-10-13, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=c8ef218416e6, moduleTitle=J PHYSIOTHER：理疗师为膝骨关节炎患者提供的治疗经验是什么?符合国家标准吗？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=c8ef218416e6)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269259, encodeId=773312692598e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle= Journal of Physiotherapy ：患者教育可改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛和功能，与运动疗法结合使用效果更佳！, objectType=article, longId=216731, objectId=3230216e31ad, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3230216e31ad, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=132, createdTime=2021-09-07, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3230216e31ad, moduleTitle= Journal of Physiotherapy ：患者教育可改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛和功能，与运动疗法结合使用效果更佳！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=3230216e31ad)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269258, encodeId=fef71269258a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=Pain Physician：膝神经射频消融术与关节内富含血小板血浆治疗慢性膝骨关节炎的疗效比较：一项单盲随机临床试验, objectType=article, longId=213264, objectId=d59a213264a7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=d59a213264a7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=123, createdTime=2021-06-27, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=d59a213264a7, moduleTitle=Pain Physician：膝神经射频消融术与关节内富含血小板血浆治疗慢性膝骨关节炎的疗效比较：一项单盲随机临床试验, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=d59a213264a7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269257, encodeId=9ef7126925ec5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=IEEE trans:步态中肌肉协同分析在膝骨关节炎患者中的应用, objectType=article, longId=210500, objectId=93592105008a, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=93592105008a, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=124, createdTime=2021-04-28, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=93592105008a, moduleTitle=IEEE trans:步态中肌肉协同分析在膝骨关节炎患者中的应用, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=93592105008a)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269256, encodeId=2bff1269256ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=JAMA Netw Open：纳入多因素的AI辅助决策工具有助于为晚期膝骨关节炎患者制定更好的治疗方案, objectType=article, longId=207474, objectId=31e720e4743f, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=31e720e4743f, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=144, createdTime=2021-02-24, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=31e720e4743f, moduleTitle=JAMA Netw Open：纳入多因素的AI辅助决策工具有助于为晚期膝骨关节炎患者制定更好的治疗方案, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=31e720e4743f)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269255, encodeId=1497126925523, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=2019年欧洲骨质疏松和骨关节炎临床经济学会(ESCEO)对膝骨关节炎的管理建议, objectType=article, longId=199890, objectId=873019989013, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=873019989013, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=0, createdTime=2020-08-26, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=873019989013, moduleTitle=2019年欧洲骨质疏松和骨关节炎临床经济学会(ESCEO)对膝骨关节炎的管理建议, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=873019989013)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269254, encodeId=9ec312692543e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=NEJM：膝骨关节炎，采用物理治疗还是激素封闭治疗？, objectType=article, longId=192059, objectId=1b731920599f, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1b731920599f, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=133, createdTime=2020-04-13, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1b731920599f, moduleTitle=NEJM：膝骨关节炎，采用物理治疗还是激素封闭治疗？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=1b731920599f)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269253, encodeId=686a12692530e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=J Rheumatol：成年膝骨关节炎患者腰围增加与身体机能下降风险的关联, objectType=article, longId=190544, objectId=644b19054457, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=644b19054457, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=82, createdTime=2020-03-23, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=644b19054457, moduleTitle=J Rheumatol：成年膝骨关节炎患者腰围增加与身体机能下降风险的关联, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=644b19054457)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269252, encodeId=19981269252c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=Medicine：肾功能不全与全膝关节置换患者中在严重的膝骨关节炎引起的疼痛密切相关, objectType=article, longId=189196, objectId=2d8a1891963e, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=2d8a1891963e, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=99, createdTime=2020-03-04, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=2d8a1891963e, moduleTitle=Medicine：肾功能不全与全膝关节置换患者中在严重的膝骨关节炎引起的疼痛密切相关, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=2d8a1891963e)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269251, encodeId=ceff1269251d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=Ann Rheum Dis：IL1RN基因变异可以预测膝骨关节炎的影像学严重性和疾病风险, objectType=article, longId=184951, objectId=9290184951e0, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=9290184951e0, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=93, createdTime=2019-12-21, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=9290184951e0, moduleTitle=Ann Rheum Dis：IL1RN基因变异可以预测膝骨关节炎的影像学严重性和疾病风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=9290184951e0)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269250, encodeId=cd7512692505e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=一期截骨矫形内固定联合导航引导下全膝关节置换术治疗伴有股骨关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎1例, objectType=article, longId=182903, objectId=6fa0182903c2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=6fa0182903c2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=85, createdTime=2019-11-14, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=6fa0182903c2, moduleTitle=一期截骨矫形内固定联合导航引导下全膝关节置换术治疗伴有股骨关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎1例, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=6fa0182903c2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269249, encodeId=87c812692492b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=新研究阐明膝骨关节炎原因工程院院士提出微创治疗方案, objectType=article, longId=168751, objectId=6373168e5188, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=6373168e5188, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=66, createdTime=2019-06-20, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=6373168e5188, moduleTitle=新研究阐明膝骨关节炎原因工程院院士提出微创治疗方案, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=6373168e5188)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269248, encodeId=2e181269248ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=全球用于膝骨关节炎治疗的基因疗法被禁止销售, objectType=article, longId=167163, objectId=dc4116e163e2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=dc4116e163e2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=91, createdTime=2019-05-31, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=dc4116e163e2, moduleTitle=全球用于膝骨关节炎治疗的基因疗法被禁止销售, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=dc4116e163e2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269247, encodeId=928b126924e73, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=膝骨关节炎阶梯治疗专家共识（2018 年版）, objectType=article, longId=165363, objectId=5914165363d4, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=5914165363d4, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=103, createdTime=2019-05-05, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=5914165363d4, moduleTitle=膝骨关节炎阶梯治疗专家共识（2018 年版）, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=5914165363d4)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1269246, encodeId=528912692461f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59088589e97' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#膝骨关节炎#</a>, objectTitle=膝骨关节炎中西医结合诊疗指南, objectType=article, longId=157861, objectId=88f615e8612d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=88f615e8612d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=95, createdTime=2019-01-13, rootId=0, userName=zlawrance, userId=f5e185, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=88f615e8612d, moduleTitle=膝骨关节炎中西医结合诊疗指南, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=88f615e8612d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

膝骨关节炎

2020-05-29发表于威斯康星

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

专家共识丨尪痹片治疗类风湿关节炎/膝骨关节炎临床应用专家共识

2022-02-09

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

A&R：磁共振成像评估软骨下囊肿和突发性膝痛和膝骨关节炎：来自多中心骨关节炎研究的数据

2022-01-24

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

A &R: 阿托伐他汀对有症状膝骨关节炎患者膝关节软骨体积的影响：随机安慰剂对照试验的结果

2021-12-06

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

Arthritis Rheumatol：关节内皮质类固醇与透明质酸对膝骨关节炎进展的影响

2021-12-03

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

J PHYSIOTHER：短期冷冻疗法对减少膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛效果有限

2021-10-16

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

J PHYSIOTHER：理疗师为膝骨关节炎患者提供的治疗经验是什么?符合国家标准吗？

2021-10-13

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

Journal of Physiotherapy ：患者教育可改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛和功能，与运动疗法结合使用效果更佳！

2021-09-07

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

Pain Physician：膝神经射频消融术与关节内富含血小板血浆治疗慢性膝骨关节炎的疗效比较：一项单盲随机临床试验

2021-06-27

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

IEEE trans:步态中肌肉协同分析在膝骨关节炎患者中的应用

2021-04-28

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

JAMA Netw Open：纳入多因素的AI辅助决策工具有助于为晚期膝骨关节炎患者制定更好的治疗方案

2021-02-24

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

2019年欧洲骨质疏松和骨关节炎临床经济学会(ESCEO)对膝骨关节炎的管理建议

2020-08-26

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

NEJM：膝骨关节炎，采用物理治疗还是激素封闭治疗？

2020-04-13

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

J Rheumatol：成年膝骨关节炎患者腰围增加与身体机能下降风险的关联

2020-03-23

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

Medicine：肾功能不全与全膝关节置换患者中在严重的膝骨关节炎引起的疼痛密切相关

2020-03-04

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

Ann Rheum Dis：IL1RN基因变异可以预测膝骨关节炎的影像学严重性和疾病风险

2019-12-21

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

一期截骨矫形内固定联合导航引导下全膝关节置换术治疗伴有股骨关节外畸形的膝骨关节炎1例

2019-11-14

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

新研究阐明膝骨关节炎原因工程院院士提出微创治疗方案

2019-06-20

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

全球用于膝骨关节炎治疗的基因疗法被禁止销售

2019-05-31

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

膝骨关节炎阶梯治疗专家共识（2018 年版）

2019-05-05

zlawrance

#膝骨关节炎#

膝骨关节炎中西医结合诊疗指南

2019-01-13

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务