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Science Advance:微针辅助基因组编辑可协同治疗炎症性皮肤病!

2021-03-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

CRISPR-Cas9蛋白经皮靶向控制炎症因子合成基因,可协同治疗炎症性皮肤疾病

皮肤是免疫系统的第一道防线,保护我们免受细菌或病毒的侵袭,同时也避免身体内的水分和营养物质流失。作为重要的守卫屏障,皮肤健康对机体健康至关重要。

炎症性皮肤病ISDS(过敏性湿疹和银屑病等)是一种慢性疾病,致病机理为免疫系统过度活跃,导致皮肤感染、发痒、疼痛甚至剥落。这些病症会对人们的日常生活产生重大影响,但诱因不明,只能暂时控制病情,改善患者症状,无法根治。

使用糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂是目前治疗炎症性疾病的主要方式,但糖皮质激素易使患者产生耐药性,长期使用的临床效果往往不能尽如人意。因此,寻求其它更有效的辅助治疗方式对于炎症性皮肤病患者是亟待解决的问题。

近日,来自中国浙江大学的一个研究小组在Science Advance上发表题为《Microneedle-assisted genome editing: A transdermal strategy of targeting NLRP3 by CRISPR-Cas9 for synergistic therapy of inflammatory skin disorders》的研究论文。

该研究发现利用微针辅助基因组编辑技术,使CRISPR-Cas9蛋白经皮靶向控制炎症因子合成基因,可协同治疗炎症性皮肤疾病。

逐步经皮和细胞内递送基因组编辑剂(Cas9)和糖皮质激素(Dex)的示意图

NLRP3是一种炎症小体传感器蛋白, NLRP3的激活可由多种细胞内信号触发。激活NLRP3会产生包括ASC与Caspase-1等在内的寡聚体复合物,该寡聚体蛋白复合物被称为炎症小体(Inflammasone)。

NLRP3与多种炎性和自身免疫性皮肤病有关,在炎症性疾病中,CASP-1(编码caspase-1)的过表达及其激活剂NLRP3炎性小体的上调可引起糖皮质激素抵抗。

研究团队研发了一种可溶解的微针(MN)贴片,该贴片可介导基于CRISPR-Cas9的基因组编辑剂和糖皮质激素的经皮传递。 MN装有靶向NLRP3的聚合物封装Cas9核糖核蛋白(RNP)和含地塞米松(Dex)的聚合物纳米颗粒。

通过双MN缓解DNCB诱导的患AD小鼠

插入皮肤后,MN可以快速溶解以释放两种类型的纳米制剂,随后被角质形成细胞和周围的免疫细胞内化,从而在炎症性皮下层中发挥其治疗作用。因此,具有MN功能的Cas9 RNP纳米复合物和Dex纳米粒子的经皮传递可破坏皮下细胞内NLRP3炎性小体。

通过双MN缓解咪喹莫特诱发的患牛皮癣小鼠

研究结果表明此治疗方式在ISD小鼠中可辅助糖皮质激素疗法治疗皮炎,且被证明在减轻皮肤炎症方面效果显著。

近年来,关于治疗ISD的小分子抑制剂方面的研究很多。例如,从黄芪中分离出的小分子环黄芪醇能通过抑制巨噬细胞中的NLRP3炎性体介导的凋亡而缓解银屑病。口服小分子CP-456773(一种经过充分研究的特异性NLRP3抑制剂)可以通过防止炎症小体活化来减轻皮肤炎症。

大多数经过充分研究的小分子抑制剂(例如CY-09)通常通过调节与其激活相关的上游因子来间接抑制NLRP3炎性体的功能,但是为了提高治疗效果和安全性,必须设计可直接和特异性靶向NLRP3的抑制剂。

总而言之,由于NLRP3炎性小体主要位于人皮肤的表皮和真皮层,口服抑制剂只会使其进入皮下层的途径有限,因此,能高效经皮递送、具有高度特异性且功能强大且直接的NLRP3抑制剂是对抗ISD的最理想的治疗方式,该研究还为经皮给药系统的设计问题提供了创新见解。

原始出处:

Microneedle-assisted genome editing: A transdermal strategy of targeting NLRP3 by CRISPR-Cas9 for synergistic therapy of inflammatory skin disorders DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe2888

 

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    2021-03-17 ms7000000905968104

    获益匪浅x

    0

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    2021-03-14 ms5000000892437705

    为了积分

    0

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    2021-03-14 jichang
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    2021-03-13 肥狐jolie

    期待更多实验数据

    0

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