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BMJ:早期给予肾上腺素或可提高心搏骤停患者生存率

2014-05-27 清热解毒2号 丁香园

在美国,每年约有20万人在院内发生心脏骤停,患者的生存率为7%-26%。在门诊及住院病房中,初始心律出现不能除颤心律(无脉性电活动和心脏骤停)较可电击性心律(室速或室颤)更常见。 过去几十年来,非可电击性心脏骤停的发生率逐年增加,尽管如此,先前的大部分研究仍关注可电击性心跳骤停患者。除了心肺复苏,缺乏拯救非可电击性心脏骤停患者的有效措施。 肾上腺素是一种强有力的外周血管收缩剂,同时也是一种冠状

在美国,每年约有20万人在院内发生心脏骤停,患者的生存率为7%-26%。在门诊及住院病房中,初始心律出现不能除颤心律(无脉性电活动和心脏骤停)较可电击性心律(室速或室颤)更常见。

过去几十年来,非可电击性心脏骤停的发生率逐年增加,尽管如此,先前的大部分研究仍关注可电击性心跳骤停患者。除了心肺复苏,缺乏拯救非可电击性心脏骤停患者的有效措施。

肾上腺素是一种强有力的外周血管收缩剂,同时也是一种冠状动脉舒张药物,此外,还它被美国心脏协会推荐用于心脏骤停的药物治疗。关于肾上腺素的有效性,尽管有较强的生理机制以及各种轶事报道的支持,但仍然缺乏较好的对照试验,难以评估如生存率和神经功能良好生存等终点。【原文下载】

一项随机试验显示高级生命支持中使用药物无效,从而外推出肾上腺素有可能缺乏有效的论断,但肾上腺素剂量、给药时间甚至是否给予肾上腺素仍然充满争议。

为此,来自美国迪肯尼斯医疗中心的Michael W Donnino教授等对无脉性电活动和心脏骤停患者进行了一项前瞻性事后分析研究,以探讨在非可电击性心律心脏骤停患者中,早期给予肾上腺素是否可以提高自主循环、生存率和神经功能良好生存,相关文章发表于近日出版的《英国医学杂志》(British Medical Journal)。


Fig 1 Selection of cardiac arrest patients with pulseless electrical activity or asystole from Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry

研究为避免除颤时机的影响,排除了可电击复律的患者,共分析了570家医院内共119978例院内心脏骤停(55%)或无脉性电活动(45%)患者,其中有83490例患者由于发病在急诊科、ICU、手术时或其他特殊科室而被排除;10775例患者因资料缺失或不足而排除;524例患者因反复心脏骤停被排除;85例患者由于在给予肾上腺素前接受血管加压素被排除。

因此,最终纳入了25095例患者,平均年龄为72岁,男性占57%。

研究者主要评估了无脉性电活动和心脏骤停患者首次给予肾上腺素的时间与院内生存率的关系。同时也评估了自主循环的持续维持、24小时生存率,以及出院时良好的神经功能状态与肾上腺素给药时间的关系。



在25095例非可电击性院内心脏骤停患者中,首次给予肾上腺素的中位时间为3分钟(四分位间距1-5分钟)。随着首次给予肾上腺素时间的缩短,患者生存率逐渐提高(OR=1.0,1-3分钟;OR=0.91,4-6分钟;OR=0.74,7-9分钟;OR=0.63,9分钟以上)。这种关系在自主循环的持续维持、24小时生存率等结局中也有类似发现。

作者认为,对于院内非可电击性心脏骤停患者,早期给予肾上腺素可提高患者的自主循环恢复、院内生存和神经功能良好生存。

原始出处:

Donnino MW1, Salciccioli JD2, Howell MD3, Cocchi MN4, Giberson B2, Berg K5, Gautam S6, Callaway C7; American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators.Time to administration of epinephrine and outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest with non-shockable rhythms: retrospective analysis of large in-hospital data registry.BMJ. 2014 May 20;348:g3028. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g3028.【原文下载】


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    2015-02-13 gaoxiaoe
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