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《卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识》解读:NCN2019

2019-09-23 hosttest MedSci原创

卒中相关睡眠障碍(SSD)是卒中后常见症状,临床多见却易被忽视。2019年1月,《卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识》新鮮出炉,共识对各种类型SSD的评估和管理提出了推荐意见,旨在加强SSD的临床规范化管理。9月21日,在中华医学会第二十二次全国神经病学学术会议上,来自北京大学第三医院海淀园区神经内科的于逢春教授对其全程参与撰写的首部卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识进行了详细解读,在此小

卒中相关睡眠障碍(SSD)是卒中后常见症状,临床多见却易被忽视。2019年1月,《卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识》新鮮出炉,共识对各种类型SSD的评估和管理提出了推荐意见,旨在加强SSD的临床规范化管理。

9月21日,在中华医学会第二十二次全国神经病学学术会议上,来自北京大学第三医院海淀园区神经内科的于逢春教授对其全程参与撰写的首部卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识进行了详细解读,在此小编整理报告内容与大家分享。

卒中相关睡眠障碍的定义及流行病

卒中相关睡眠障碍的定义和分类
SSD的定义:SSD( Stroke-related sleep disorders)是指在卒中后首次出现成卒中前已有的睡眠障碍在卒中后持续存在或加重,并达到睡眠障碍诊断标准的一组临床综合征。
SSD的分类:根据卒中与睡眠障碍实际出现的可能时间顺序分类,可分为卒中后睡眠障碍和卒中伴随睡障碍(即既在睡障碍在卒中后持续存在或加重)。

涉及六种类型的睡眠障碍:


国外报道,卒中患者睡眠障碍的发生率高达78%

研究纳入200例急性卒中住院患者,根据柏林和Epvort表评估患者是否存在睡碍
目的:确定卒中患者的睡眠障碍类型及其发生频率与卒中类型及病灶侧的关系

国内流行病学数据显示,62.22%的卒中患者存在睡眠障得。其中失眠较为常见。

研究纳入180例脑卒中患者,对者年龄、性别、病史及影像学检查结果等临床资料进行总结,分析脑卒中后碍发生的原因,采用多因素Logistic回归分析找出睡眠障碍发生的危险因素。

POISE研究显示,卒中后1个月内,34%的患者出现失眠

前瞻性队列研究,纳入20家医院的441例卒中幸存者(18-65岁)。第28天、6个月和12个月时评估患者失眠情況、抑郁焦虑、残疾及回归社会的情况,旨在评估卒中后失眠情況,以及失眠对卒中后患者心理健康及功能状况的影响。

卒中相关睡眠障碍的危害

失眠显著增加卒中患者长期随访过程中的死亡风险

中国随访6年队列研究,纳入56家医院1273例首发卒中患者,卒中后1年内随访4次,6年后再次随访。使用Cox比例风险模型计算卒中死亡风险比,旨在分析失眠对卒中患者长期随访过程中死亡率的影响。

伴有失眠的卒中患者容易出现焦、抑郁和残疾

研究纳入20家医院的441例卒中后患者(年龄<65岁),评估卒中后28天、6个月和12个月时患者失眠情况、抑郁、焦虑、残疾和重返工作岗位的情况,旨在调查卒中后失眠发生率及对预后的影响。

失眠明显影响卒中患者的健康相关生活质量

失眠频率与SSQOL评分呈负相关,即:失眠频率越高,患者健康相关生活质量越差。

专家共识强调,及时评估及管理SSD至关重要。


卒中相关睡眠障碍的发生机制

SSD与卒中病灶解剖部位有关


卒中使脑结构受损
卒中包括:脑梗死、TIA、脑出血等。卒中的结构损害:额叶底部、眶部皮质、视上核、中脑被盖部蓝斑核、中缝核、延髓网状结构抑制区、以及上行网状激动系统等。

SSD与神经生物因素有关


SSD与机体整体功能状态、伴随的慢性疾病等因素有关


卒中相关睡眠障碍的评估与管理

SSD评估与管理的一般原则



卒中相关失眠的评估与管理

卒中相关失眠的诊断和分类


卒中相关失眠的评估——推荐意见


卒中相关失眠的治疗手段


卒中相关失眠的——睡眠卫生与健康教育&认知行为治疗


卒中相关失眠的——药物治疗


卒中相关失眠的管理——推荐意见


卒中相关睡眠呼吸障碍(SOB)——推荐意见


总结

· 睡眠障碍是卒中患者的常见症状,其中以失眠及睡眠呼吸暫停最为常见。
· 卒中相关睡眠障碍降低卒中患者生活质量、增加焦虑抑郁、影响神经功能
预后与康复,及时评估及管理SSD至关重要。
· 《卒中相关睡眠障碍评估与管理中国专家共识》结合文献研究,经过专家
讨论提出5SD的概念,对于各种类型5SD的评估及管理提出了推荐意见。

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    2019-09-23 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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