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Dev Cell:吸烟人群更容易受新冠病毒感染,由于ACE2表达更高

2020-05-21 琦点先生 BioMan

吸烟是许多呼吸道感染的已知危险因素,并会增加呼吸道疾病的严重程度,现有研究表明,吸烟者患严重疾病和死亡的风险更高。

全球每年有800多万人死于烟草。其中700多万人因直接使用烟草而死亡,约120万不吸烟的人因接触二手烟雾而死亡。吸烟是许多呼吸道感染的已知危险因素,并会增加呼吸道疾病的严重程度,现有研究表明,吸烟者患严重疾病和死亡的风险更高。WHO于2020年5月11日发布最新声明:吸烟者更有可能罹患严重的COVID-19疾病,且目前没有足够的信息证实烟草或尼古丁与预防或治疗2019冠状病毒病有任何关联。

近日,冷泉港冷泉港实验室的癌症遗传学家Sheltzer发表在Developmental Cell 上的Paper"Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract"发现长时间吸烟(暴露在香烟烟雾中)会导致肺中ACE2蛋白的增加,这可能会促进新冠病毒感染,导致COVID-19的发病率更高。

ACE2是新冠病毒的膜上结合受体,与病毒和宿主细胞的融合、入侵过程有关。也就是说,ACE2是新冠肺炎病毒感染的“导火线”。病毒侵入人体后通过与它结合被转运到细胞内部。多种病毒感染可导致细胞因子风暴,机体过度的免疫反应造成肺部损伤。

该研究显示香烟烟雾在啮齿动物和人肺中可引起SARS-CoV-2受体血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)剂量依赖性上调。通过单细胞测序数据分析发现ACE2在呼吸道分泌细胞的子集中表达。长期暴露于烟雾中会触发该细胞群的扩张,且ACE2表达升高。相反,戒烟会降低这些分泌细胞的丰度并降低ACE2表达水平。该研究还证明了ACE2的表达对炎症信号有反应,并可以通过病毒感染或干扰素治疗而上调。这些结果可以部分解释为什么吸烟者特别容易受到严重SARS-CoV-2感染的影响。其他病毒感染(例如流感)以及干扰素信号传导(人体病毒防御系统的组成部分)均可增加ACE2的表达,促进病毒的传播。SARS-CoV-2可能触发其自身受体的上调,从而形成一个正反馈回路,导致更多的感染。

【Summary】

1.肺ACE2水平不因年龄或性别而变化,但吸烟者表现出ACE2表达上调。

2.ACE2在多种肺细胞类型中表达,包括分泌细胞系。

3.长期吸烟可引起ACE2+分泌细胞的扩张。

4.ACE2也因病毒感染和干扰素暴露而上调。

5.戒烟可以逆转吸烟对ACE2表达量上调的促进作用。

参考资料:

1.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.012

2.https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/11-05-2020-who-statement-tobacco-use-and-covid-19

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    2020-12-19 fzwish20000
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    2021-04-11 维他命
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    2020-10-31 shanyongle
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    2020-05-21 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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