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J Neurosurg:脑外科医生挽救了俄罗斯将军,打败了拿破仑:科学家改写历史

2015-07-30 sunshine 译 MedSci原创

巴罗神经病学研究所研究人员历时数年、横跨三大洲进行了一项医学调查,发现了一个脑部手术改写了历史。 经过两年多的国际调查研究,科学家们得出结论,如果不是法国外科医生Jean Massot对俄罗斯将军Mikhail Kutuzov实施了脑部手术,成功取出 Kutuzov头部的两颗子弹挽救了其生命,那么拿破仑很可能在1812年卫国战争中打败俄罗斯。 “这只是一个医学如何改变历史的例子


巴罗神经病学研究所研究人员历时数年、横跨三大洲进行了一项医学调查,发现了一个脑部手术改写了历史。

经过两年多的国际调查研究,科学家们得出结论,如果不是法国外科医生Jean Massot对俄罗斯将军Mikhail Kutuzov实施了脑部手术,成功取出 Kutuzov头部的两颗子弹挽救了其生命,那么拿破仑很可能在1812年卫国战争中打败俄罗斯。

“这只是一个医学如何改变历史的例子,”Mark C. Preul说道。

Dr. Preul领导其团队与其他巴罗神经病学研究所研究人员Dr. Sergiy V. Kushchayev ,Dr. Evgenii Belykh及其他五位研究人员进行了合作。该研究题目为“两颗头部的子弹和一个初冬:命运使得库图佐夫打败拿破仑,”发表于《神经外科杂志》上。

两个世纪以来,历史一直集中在库图佐夫令人难以置信的故事上,1774年和1788年,库图佐夫两次中弹,均为头部,但是他却活了下来,而且成为了打败拿破仑的传奇英雄。库图佐夫将军的经历可称之为一个奇迹,但是,通过查阅俄语版及法语版关于此事的记载,巴罗团队发现,Massot在此次大战中扮演了关键性的角色,他采用了类似现代外科手术的方法帮助库图佐夫治愈了致命伤,使其得以存活下来。

“我们想找出到底发生了什么事,基本确定Massot拯救了Mikhail Kutuzov的生命,”Dr. Preul说道。“Massot的功绩被历史埋没了,他是外科技术的带头人,他使用了我们至今仍在使用的令人难以置信的外科技术。”

他们的发现证实,1774年土耳其的战争中库图佐夫中弹,也就是其头部的第一颗子弹,损伤了他的额叶。这也解释了库图佐夫受伤后出现古怪行为的原因,但是它同时也为他使用杰出的战略打败拿破仑及其无敌“大军”提供了线索。

头部受伤可能损害了库图佐夫作出决定的能力,性情也发生了变化。库图佐夫并没有在1812年秋季迎战明显占优势的拿破仑军队,而是推迟了正面迎战的时间。他下令烧毁莫斯科,并与军队逃到了莫斯科以外的安全地方。拿破仑的军队乘机追杀,入侵莫斯科,但是城内缺乏食物和必需品,士兵经受不住俄罗斯异常寒冷的冬日。十月,拿破仑放弃俄罗斯,军队回到巴黎。

“其他的将军认为库图佐夫疯了,也许他真的是疯了,” Dr. Preul说道,“脑手术挽救了库图佐夫的生命,但是他的眼睛和大脑却严重受损。然而,令人觉得讽刺的是,正是这种状态使得库图佐夫做出了最好的决定。如果他没有受伤,那么他很可能一开始就会正面迎战拿破仑,结果肯定是战败。”

Dr. Preul 说道,关于库图佐夫的伤情以及Massot对其处理情况的一些问题不经医学检验是无法完全解答的。1813年4月库图佐夫去世后并未对其身体进行尸检,但是有一点明确的是:没有Massot的帮助库图佐夫将无法领导军队大败拿破仑。

“尽管有些人说是命运使得俄罗斯灵魂和民格的化身、杰出的俄罗斯将军,在经历两次致命的头部中弹后存活下来,但是这种说法忽略了一点--那时期最好的神经外科技术对库图佐夫的成功起到的极大的作用,”研究人员写道。


原始出处:

St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center.Brain surgery saved Russian general who helped defeat Napoleon: Scientists 'rewrite' history books.Science Daily, July 29, 2015

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    2015-08-01 I+am+super

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    2015-08-01 heli0118
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    2015-08-01 cathymary

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