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Nat Med:口腔感染和唾液被证实参与新冠传播

2021-04-03 haibei MedSci原创

SARS-CoV-2病毒进入因子如ACE2和TMPRSS成员广泛富集在腺体和口腔黏膜的上皮细胞中。利用正交RNA和蛋白表达评估,研究人员进一步证实了SARS-CoV-2在腺体和粘膜中的感染。

世界卫生组织将新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2归类为无症状、症状前和有症状的个人通过受感染的飞沫和气溶胶而传播的空气传播病原体。虽然SARS-CoV-2传播可以通过涉及口腔的活动发生,如说话、呼吸、咳嗽、打喷嚏甚至唱歌,但大多数人的注意力都集中在鼻肺轴的感染。

口腔表现,如味觉丧失,口干和口腔病变,在大约一半的COVID-19病例中被观察到。但是目前,SARS-CoV-2是否能直接感染口腔组织,如唾液腺(SGs)或粘膜,仍是未知数。这是至关重要的,因为如果这些是早期感染的部位,它们可能在通过唾液将病毒传播到肺部或胃肠道方面发挥着重要的作用,正如其他微生物相关疾病,如肺炎和炎症性肠病所显示的那样。

为了解决这个问题,研究人员生成并分析了人类小唾液腺和牙龈的两个单细胞RNA测序数据集(9个样本,13,824个细胞),确定了50个细胞簇。利用综合细胞归一化和注释,研究人员在腺体和牙龈之间划分了34个独特的细胞亚群。

SARS-CoV-2病毒进入因子如ACE2和TMPRSS成员广泛富集在腺体和口腔黏膜的上皮细胞中。利用正交RNA和蛋白表达评估,研究人员进一步证实了SARS-CoV-2在腺体和粘膜中的感染

来自SARS-CoV-2感染者的唾液中藏有上皮细胞,表现出ACE2和TMPRSS的表达,并具有持续的SARS-CoV-2感染。来自无症状个体的细胞和细胞唾液部分被发现可在体内传播SARS-CoV-2。匹配的鼻咽和唾液样本显示出不同的病毒脱落动态,唾液病毒负担与COVID-19症状相关,包括味觉丧失。

康复后,这个无症状的队列表现出持续的针对SARS-CoV-2的唾液IgG抗体。

总的来说,这些数据表明,口腔是SARS-CoV-2感染的重要场所,并暗示唾液是SARS-CoV-2传播的潜在途径。

 

原始出处:

Ni Huang et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nature Medicine (2021). 

 

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    2021-03-29 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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