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Lancet Dia & Endo:吸烟增加了2型糖尿病的风险(荟萃分析)

2015-09-20 崔倩 译 MedSci原创

根据来自哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院,中国武汉华中科技大学,以及新加坡国立大学的研究员的一项新的荟萃分析,当前吸烟者和经常暴露在二手烟环境中的人群比那些不吸烟的人群有显著增加2型糖尿病的风险。研究人员估计,男性2型糖尿病病例的11.7%和女性的2.4%(全世界约2780万例)可能是由于主动吸烟引起的。他们还发现,风险会在吸烟者戒烟后随着时间的推移而降低。“吸烟应该被视为糖尿病的一个重要的可改变的危险因素

根据来自哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院、中国武汉华中科技大学、以及新加坡国立大学的研究员的一项新的荟萃分析,当前吸烟者和经常暴露在二手烟环境中的人群比那些不吸烟的人群有显著增加2型糖尿病的风险。研究人员估计,2型糖尿病病患中男性的11.7%和女性的2.4%(全世界约2780万例)可能是由于主动吸烟引起的。他们还发现,风险会在吸烟者戒烟后随着时间的推移而降低。

“吸烟应该被视为糖尿病的一个重要的可改变的危险因素。公共卫生应努力减少吸烟,吸烟将会对2型糖尿病的全球负担有很大的影响,”研究论文的共同作者,营养和流行病学教授Frank Hu说。

该研究发表在2015年9月18日Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology杂志上。

而证据同时表明,吸烟是癌症,呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病的危险因素的证据是压倒性的,吸烟和2型糖尿病风险之间的联系的有较弱的佐证。在2014年,美国卫生总监报告中首次包括了吸烟和糖尿病风险的部分,并提出了它们之间的因果关系,虽然它并没有讨论被动吸烟和戒烟与糖尿病风险之间的关系。

在这项研究中,哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院的研究员和同事们进行了一项荟萃分析,包括了对以前88项关于吸烟与2型糖尿病风险之间关联的研究,从近600万研究参与者中寻找健康数据。他们发现,当与从不吸烟的人们相比,目前吸烟增加了2型糖尿病37%的风险;之前吸烟增加的风险为14%;被动吸烟增加了22%(吸入二手烟)。他们还发现,之前戒烟少于5年的参与者增加了54%的2型糖尿病风险,大于5年的风险增加减少到18%,戒烟超过10年的风险增加为11%。

在目前的吸烟者中,吸烟量导致了结果的差异。对于轻,中度和重度吸烟者,与不吸烟者相比,2型糖尿病的风险增加为分别为21%、34%、57%。

“尽管全球努力打击烟草流行,但吸烟仍然是全世界死亡率和发病率的首要原因,”这项研究的第一作者、公共卫生学院流行病学、同济医学院、华中科技大学教授An Pan说。“这项研究强调了实施和执行世卫组织框架公约关于烟草控制的规定的重要性。无烟政策可以提供保护非吸烟者,并可能会增加成功戒烟的吸烟者。”

作者还呼吁进行更多的最近戒烟者短期增加糖尿病的风险的研究,以帮助制定干预措施,来提高戒烟和预防糖尿病的机制。

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    2016-07-12 howi
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    2015-09-22 jawel

    吸烟没好处

    0

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发表在Menopause的一篇新进研究表明,鼓励女性戒烟还有另一个理由。这个由瑞典人进行的研究有25474名妇女参与,是第一个量化吸烟和绝经期对女性死亡率的综合影响的研究,在这过程中,吸烟是一个起促进作用的因素。已经证实,较早绝经会导致女性死亡率增加。在这项研究中,研究人员对众多瑞典女性进行了长达16年的研究和随访调查。研究表明,40岁绝经的女性比60岁绝经的女性死亡时间平均提早了1.3年。且研究

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本研究旨在对比多个队列研究中妊娠期女性酒精的饮用率及其预测因素。  研究共纳入了的17244名女性,主要为白人女性,来源于两个爱尔兰回顾性研究,(在爱尔兰长大(GUI)及爱尔兰怀孕风险评估监测系统(PRAMS爱尔兰))以及一个多中心前瞻性国际队列研究,妊娠终点筛查(SCOPE)研究。收集研究对象怀孕前及怀孕期间酒精的饮用率以及与酒精消耗相关的社会人口因素数据。结果发现,SCOPE研究中爱

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美国国家酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所(NIAAA)定义:轻至中度的酒精摄入量为女性1杯/天,男性2杯/天。但根据发表在BMJ杂志的最新研究,即使饮酒达到如此程度仍然会增加民众患癌症的风险。既往的研究内容大多是酗酒会增加民众患某些癌症的风险,包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、肝癌和口腔癌等。但是根据哈佛大学公共卫生学院的Edward Giovannucci博士和他的同事调查发现,轻中度饮酒量也会增加民众的患癌风险。

Hum Mol Genet:吸烟改变了我们的基因

时下普遍接受的观点是:吸烟是一个相当大的健康风险因素。近日,来自Uppsala和Uppsala临床研究中心的新研究结果显示,吸烟会导致些许基因的变化,导致吸烟者出现健康问题(如癌症和糖尿病)。 出生时,我们从我们的父母那里继承基因。但以后的生活中,遗传物质可通过表观遗传修饰而改变。这种变化通常是由老化引起的,但环境因素和生活方式也会造成变化。 最近发表在Human Molecular Gene

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