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Cell Metab:新靶点助力攻克数十种癌症,关键机制终破解!

2019-07-21 佚名 转化医学网

近年来, 肿瘤免疫治疗蓬勃发展, 已经给人类彻底战胜癌症带来了一线曙光,各类靶向药的问世,更是将一众癌症患者拯救于水深火热之中。而通过基因检测来筛选靶向药的治疗模式能使药物精确到达肿瘤病灶,释放有效成分,进而减少对正常组织、细胞的伤害。

近年来, 肿瘤免疫治疗蓬勃发展, 已经给人类彻底战胜癌症带来了一线曙光,各类靶向药的问世,更是将一众癌症患者拯救于水深火热之中。而通过基因检测来筛选靶向药的治疗模式能使药物精确到达肿瘤病灶,释放有效成分,进而减少对正常组织、细胞的伤害。



近日,加州大学圣地亚哥分校Ludwig癌症研究所的Paul Mischel教授领导的研究团队通过DNA测序技术发现了一种可覆盖数十种癌症的新靶点,可谓是一招制敌,推动了癌症靶向治疗的发展,也为新药的研发提供了理论基础,相关文章以“Oncogene Amplification in Growth Factor Signaling Pathways Renders Cancers Dependent on Membrane Lipid Remodeling”为题在线发表在《Cell metabolism》杂志上。

脑胶质细胞瘤(GBM)是一种顽固的恶性肿瘤,除极少数低级别胶质瘤可以实现手术根治性全切除以外,绝大多数胶质瘤都是不可治愈的,而且,有数据显示,恶性胶质瘤已跃居34岁以下肿瘤死亡原因的第二位。脑胶质瘤恶性程度为何如此之高,为何总是一发不可收拾?

万恶之源在于一种叫作EGFR的基因,在这种难治癌症中,编码表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的基因常会发生功能突变或过度表达,从而把EGFR变成一种“致癌受体”,发送信号驱动细胞无限制增殖,促进肿瘤发生发展。

那么又是谁推动了EGFR的突变呢?卤水煮豆腐,一物降一物,在EGFR基因异常的GBM细胞中,研究者注意到,构成细胞质膜的磷脂成分发生了变化。这种变化让致癌受体可以更稳定地待在质膜上,传递和放大生长信号。而在磷脂成分的变化过程中,研究人员发现,在GBM患者的癌细胞中LPCAT1(溶血磷脂酰胆碱酰基转移酶)却存在异常的高表达。LPCAT1是一种蛋白酶,具有重塑质膜结构的作用,细胞实验发现,其通过改变癌细胞质膜的磷脂组成在肿瘤生长中的作用,允许扩增和突变的生长因子信号来刺激肿瘤生长。

实践是检验真理的唯一标准,为了验证以上推测是否正确,他们又进行了体外实验,通过shRNA抑制这种酶的表达,结果发现,定位在细胞质膜上的致癌受体随之减少,生长因子信号传导被阻断,GBM癌细胞系的生长得到抑制。如此看来,谜题似乎破解了。

LPCAT1参与的肿瘤发生全过程

难怪人类到现在都还未彻底攻克癌症,癌症实在狡猾,还真是环环相扣呢。

基因突变难以逆转,抑制LPCAT1水平对于我们来说却是手到擒来,在动物实验中,当注射到体内的癌细胞在小鼠身上形成一定大小的肿瘤后,通过RNA干扰下调LPCAT1的表达,研究人员看到肿瘤的生长显着减缓,小鼠的总生存期则明显提高。

小鼠实验中,下调LPCAT1后,肿瘤生长受到了抑制

万物生长存在着一定的共性,癌症也不例外,生长因子受体信号通路异常在多种癌症中兴风作浪,果不其然,在侵袭性肺癌和肾癌的小鼠实验中也出现了相应的变化,利用shRNA在小鼠体内减少LPCAT1酶后,肿瘤细胞出现明显的死亡迹象,肿瘤生长得到了抑制。不仅如此,分析临床样本和癌细胞系的测序数据库后发现,在肺癌卵巢癌、膀胱癌和侵袭性乳腺癌等多种恶性肿瘤中,超过30%的患者有LPCAT1基因拷贝数增加的现象。

从基因突变入手研究癌症治疗模式已不新鲜,但将癌症的基因突变与代谢变化相关联却是少有,不仅让我们更深入地了解了肿瘤的发展过程,也推动了癌症治疗新模式的发展,更为靶向药物的开发奠定了理论基础。

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    2020-01-10 一闲
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    2020-06-02 维他命
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    2019-10-16 guojianrong
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    2020-01-25 zhaojie88
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    2019-07-23 lsndxfj
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896523, encodeId=42421896523f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Jan 10 20:10:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961640, encodeId=1798196164096, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Jun 02 20:10:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888042, encodeId=c195188804245, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Oct 16 07:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871356, encodeId=41a818e135670, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jan 25 12:10:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1288281, encodeId=e4051288281d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f10658e342d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新靶点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58734, encryptionId=f10658e342d, topicName=新靶点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Tue Jul 23 13:10:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370078, encodeId=c33c3e0078a3, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Jul 22 05:52:57 CST 2019, time=2019-07-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-22 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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