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FDA批准Ninlaro(ixazomib)用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM),今年共批准三个MM新药

2015-11-21 QQduhq 译 MedSci原创

近日美国食品和药物管理局批准Ninlaro联合其他两种治疗药物治疗既往采用某一种药物的多发性骨髓瘤患者。

近日美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准Ninlaro(ixazomib)联合其他两种治疗药物治疗既往采用某一种药物的多发性骨髓瘤患者。


多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是恶性浆细胞病中最常见的一种类型,又称骨髓瘤、浆细胞骨髓瘤或Kahler病。多发性骨髓瘤的特征是单克隆浆细胞恶性增殖并分泌大量单克隆免疫球蛋白。恶性浆细胞无节制地增生、广泛浸润和大量单克隆免疫球蛋白的出现及沉积,正常多克隆浆细胞增生和多克隆免疫球蛋白分泌受到抑制,从而引起广泛骨质破坏、反复感染、贫血、高钙血症、高黏滞综合征、肾功能不全等一系列临床表现并导致不良后果。美国国家癌症研究所估计,2015年美国将会有26850位新发多发性骨髓瘤患者,并有11240名患者死亡。 

FDA药物评价和研究中心Richard Pazdur博士指出,当今社会需要研究学者共同合作研发治疗多发性骨髓瘤的新的治疗方法。Ninlaro是今年FDA批准的用于治疗多发性骨髓瘤的第3种药物,通过口服的方式,可减缓肿瘤的进展。今年FDA批准的其他2种药物为Farydak和Darzalex。 

Ninlaro是一种口服蛋白酶体抑制剂,通过阻止多发性骨髓瘤细胞酶的合成,阻碍肿瘤细胞的成长和增殖。FDA批准它可与Revlimid和地塞米松联合服用以增强效果。 

研究人员采用随机双盲临床试验,对722名多发性骨髓瘤患者进行了试验,以探究Ninlaro的安全性和有效性。参与人员随机分为两组:服用Ninlaro加来那度胺和地塞米松,或服用安慰剂加来那度胺和地塞米松。结果表明,服用Ninlaro的患者疾病恶化程度降低,且寿命增加(平均20.6个月);而服用安慰剂的患者平均寿命为14.7个月。 

Ninlaro最常见的副作用是腹泻、便秘、血小板计数降低(血小板减少症)、周围神经病变(由神经损伤引起的麻木和疼痛,通常部位为手和脚)、恶心、四肢水肿、呕吐和背部疼痛。 

FDA在本年度批准的另外两个多发性骨髓瘤创新药物:

——诺华Farydak:今年2月,FDA批准诺华抗癌药Farydak(panobinostat)联合Velcade(bortezomib,硼替佐米)和地塞米松(dexamethasone)用于既往接受至少2种治疗方案(包括Velcade和一种免疫调节(IMiD)药物)治疗失败的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者。Farydak(panobinostat)是一种新型、广谱组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂,具有一种新的作用机制,通过阻断组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)发挥作用,该药能够对癌细胞施以严重的应激直至其死亡,而健康细胞则不受影响。Faryda是FDA批准治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的首个组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂,该药的表观遗传学活性,可能有助于恢复多发性骨髓瘤细胞的功能。

——强生Darzalex:11月初,FDA加速批准强生单抗药物Darzalex(daratumumab),用于接受过至少三线治疗的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者。Darzalex是FDA批准治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的首个单克隆抗体药物。daratumumab是一种人源化抗CD38单克隆抗体,具有广谱杀伤活性,靶向结合多发性骨髓瘤细胞表面高度表达的跨膜胞外酶CD38分子,可通过多种机制诱导肿瘤细胞的快速死亡。

关于多发性骨髓瘤:

多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一种浆细胞癌,见于骨髓。多发性骨髓瘤中,一组浆细胞(或骨髓瘤细胞)转化为癌细胞并增生,使浆细胞的数目高于正常水平。由于浆细胞在体内广泛游走,有可能累及体内多数骨骼,可能导致压缩性骨折、骨溶解性病灶和相关疼痛。多发性骨髓瘤可导致若干严重健康问题,累及骨骼、免疫系统、肾脏和个体的红细胞计数,部分较常见症状包括骨骼疼痛和疲乏,疲乏是贫血的症状。多发性骨髓瘤属罕见癌症,每年新发病例在美国约为20,000人、全球约为114,000人。

原始出处:

FDA approves Ninlaro, new oral medication to treat multiple myeloma,MNT,20,Nov,2015

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    2016-05-18 jml2009
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