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Nature:有毒的“淀粉样蛋白”对健康肌肉组织的有益作用

2018-11-05 小通 生物通

发表在《Nature》杂志的这个令人惊讶的发现为许多不可治愈的疾病提供了新线索,例如肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)、包涵体肌病(虚弱和肌肉变性)以及某些形式的营养不良。

发表在《Nature》杂志的这个令人惊讶的发现为许多不可治愈的疾病提供了新线索,例如肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)、包涵体肌病(虚弱和肌肉变性)以及某些形式的营养不良。



“我们的研究首次表明,淀粉样结构不仅存在于健康骨骼肌再生过程中,而且可能对骨骼肌形成也很重要,”文章一作、科罗拉多大学分子、细胞和发育生物学系准博士生Thomas Vogler说。

发表在《Nature》杂志上的这个令人惊讶的发现为许多不可治愈的疾病提供了新线索,例如肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)、包涵体肌病(虚弱和肌肉变性)以及某些形式的营养不良。

“许多退行性疾病都有很多相似的情况,细胞中开始积累蛋白质聚集体,并黏连起来,”文章共同一作生化系准博士Joshua Wheeler说。“这些聚集体有益于正常再生,我们的数据表明,这一现象只不过是细胞受损后试图进行自我维护。”

他们与致力于生肌研究的Brad Olwin教授课题组合作,聚焦一种名为TDP-43的蛋白质。

长期以来,TDP-43一直被认为是疾病的罪魁祸首,广泛存在于包涵体肌病患者骨骼肌和ALS患者神经元中。但是,当研究人员仔细检查实验室培养肌肉组织时,他们发现,TDP-43不止存在于患者组织,健康人组织也有。

“我们明明认为是有毒的东西,”Olwin说。“结果却发现,它们似乎是肌肉形成的正常组成部分,只不过在某一时间出现,一旦肌肉形成,又会消失。”

随后,实验室培养肌肉组织研究表明,敲除编码TDP-43的基因,肌肉就不会生长。当研究人员从健康人身上采集正在再生的活体组织时,他们也发现了TDP-43聚集物(或称为“肌颗粒”)。进一步RNA-蛋白质图谱分析表明,这些成簇的分子很像在细胞中行驶的运输卡车,似乎携带着指导收缩肌肉纤维如何重建的说明。

Wheeler和Vogler都是健跑爱好者,而且是多年的老友。在一次跑步训练中,他们冒出了这项研究的初步设想。Wheeler说,健康的运动员通过马拉松和超级马拉松等运动来促使肌肉变得坚韧,他们体内也可能会形成淀粉样蛋白簇。

但是仍有一个关键问题待解决:为什么大多数人都能快速清除这些蛋白,而另一些人体内的颗粒块却会聚集在一起引发疾病?

“如果它们经常形成又消失,一定有什么东西会使其溶解,”Olwin说。“找出涉及的机制可能为治疗开辟新途径。”

接下来,他们还准备研究受伤后的大脑是否会发生类似过程,从而引发疾病,进而确定蛋白质簇的真正作用。

“所有的工作都围绕着治疗ALS这样具有破坏性后果的不治之症,并制定相应策略以改善骨骼肌和健康,”Wheeler说。“我们只不过是刚刚打开了这扇门。”

原始出处:Thomas O. Vogler, Joshua R. Wheeler, Eric D. Nguyen, et al. TDP-43 and RNA form amyloid-like myo-granules in regenerating muscle. Nature. 31 October 2018

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    2019-06-22 liye789132251
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    2018-11-22 坚强007

    向科研人员致敬!!!

    0

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    2018-11-06 bioseraph

    越来越多证据表明当前以Aβ为基础的AD研究大方向可能就是不对的

    0

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