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Environ Health Persp:科学家发现长期低浓度二手烟暴露可导致小鼠出现心律失常和心源性猝死先兆

2019-01-17 奇点糕 奇点网

近期,加州大学戴维斯分校科学家的研究结果显示,通常水平的连续室内二手烟暴露,将会引起小鼠心脏细胞功能变化,更易出现心脏电交替,这是心律失常和心源性猝死的前兆。相关研究论文发表在《环境健康展望》杂志上。

近期,加州大学戴维斯分校科学家的研究结果显示,通常水平的连续室内二手烟暴露,将会引起小鼠心脏细胞功能变化,更易出现心脏电交替,这是心律失常和心源性猝死的前兆。相关研究论文发表在《环境健康展望》杂志上。

这几年越来越不愿意回老家了,不怕别的,就怕回家路上十几个小时的长途车。这一趟车坐下来,从头发到内衣,甚至装在包里的衣服都能被二手烟泡个透。每次到了北京站候车室,我恍惚间都觉得禁烟政策是假的。

《公共场所控制吸烟条例》是2014年底颁布的,简单明确地说,所有室内公共场所一律禁止吸烟;体育、健身场馆的室外观众坐席、赛场区域,公共交通工具的室外等候区域等也全面禁止吸烟。

管这么严格,不为别的,就是烟民多后果太严重了。《条例》中就指出,我国现有吸烟人口超过3亿,成年男性吸烟率高达52.9%,是全球男性吸烟率最高的国家之一,另外还有7.4亿非吸烟者遭受二手烟的危害,每年死于吸烟相关疾病的人数达136.6万,超过因艾滋病、结核、疟疾和伤害所致的死亡人数总和。

那些不抽烟的人真的是很无辜了。研究结果表明,二手烟中含有超过4000种化学物质,暴露其中可增加多种疾病的风险,包括肺癌、中风和冠心病,大约63%与二手烟暴露相关的死亡可以归因于血管疾病,包括通常由室性心律失常导致的心源性猝死(SCD)。

二手烟与血管疾病的相关研究不少。二手烟暴露会促进动脉粥样硬化的形成、导致自主神经功能受损和炎症,最终带来心血管疾病的发生。既往的研究大多比较关注冠状动脉疾病(CAD),以及与生活方式、年龄相关的血管硬化,今天这项研究就比较不同了,是第一个检测二手烟影响下,心律失常相关细胞变化的研究。

为了模拟公共场所的二手烟,研究者们收集了香烟燃烧的烟雾,与过滤后的清洁空气混合到适当的浓度,空气成分分析结果总悬浮颗粒3±0.1mg/m3,尼古丁0.4±0.2mg/m3,一氧化碳12.4±1.6ppm。根据以前的一项综合分析,32个国家1822个酒吧、餐馆、零售店、机场和其他工作场所的烟雾颗粒浓度在0.001-3.764mg/m3之间。

小鼠们被分成两组,一组享受清洁的过滤空气,一组则像上班一样每周5天、每天6小时地呼吸二手烟。然后在第4周、8周、12周的时候取出心脏进行实验。实验分为测量心脏电生理和钙离子处理能力两个方面,二者的相关数据都可以作为心律失常风险增加的敏感指标和心源性猝死的预测因子。

分析结果显示,12周时,二手烟小鼠的心脏功能与对照组出现了显着的差异,在较高的起搏率刺激下,它们出现了明显的心脏电交替现象。前人的研究已经告诉我们,心脏电交替是严重室性心律失常的前兆,包括室性心动过速和心室纤颤(VT/VF)。

暴露12周,二手烟小鼠与对照组小鼠心脏电生理出现明显差异,二手烟小鼠心脏在高起搏频率下易出现心脏电交替

二手烟对心脏电生理的影响直到12周才表现出来,但当研究者分析细胞钙离子交替现象的时候发现,钙离子处理在8-12周之间已经出问题了。考虑到钙处理是心脏电交替的驱动因素之一,研究者认为长期二手烟暴露应当是影响了心肌细胞的钙处理能力,然后带来了之后的心脏电交替。

8-12周中,钙处理能力悄咪咪变了,或许这就是心肌细胞重塑的阈值

这些数据说明,在人类社会相当的二手烟水平下,小鼠只要12周就会更容易出现心脏电交替,它们心律失常和心源性猝死的风险都大大增加了。

虽然研究中没有真的出现持续性室性心律失常发作,但是研究者觉得这一点都不出乎意料,毕竟实验中是单独把小鼠的心脏取出做体外研究,在机械灌注的控制下,很多导致心律失常的机制都被排除在外了。

在体内环境中,还要考虑到二手烟对心脏自主神经的影响,以及二手烟中化合物增加氧化应激和炎症,也能够激活肺感觉传入神经元,这些都会导致心脏交感神经流出增加,可能出现致心律失常影响。

原始出处:Zhen Wang , Lianguo Wang , Srinivas Tapa , et al. Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Alternans in a Mouse Model. Environ Health Persp. 4 December 2018

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    2019-10-22 feather89
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    2019-03-11 shizhenshan
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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9850510e9a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51079, encryptionId=9850510e9a3, topicName=心源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=955718147815, createdName=mhm295, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621780, encodeId=f0d41621e808b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-23 anminleiryan
  4. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544567, encodeId=e4aa154456e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593489, encodeId=cb6a15934899f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9850510e9a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51079, encryptionId=9850510e9a3, topicName=心源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=955718147815, createdName=mhm295, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621780, encodeId=f0d41621e808b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. 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2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10045, encryptionId=053710045ad, topicName=iron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f1b11597510, createdName=july_979, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544567, encodeId=e4aa154456e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593489, encodeId=cb6a15934899f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9850510e9a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心源性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51079, encryptionId=9850510e9a3, topicName=心源性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=955718147815, createdName=mhm295, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621780, encodeId=f0d41621e808b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Sat Jan 19 14:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-01-19 july_979
  7. 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