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elife:三大**医学期刊随机对照试验分析:近400项研究结论被推翻,心血管疾病常见

2019-06-16 xujing 文韬 中国循环杂志

据一项针对三大主流期刊——美国医学协会杂志(JAMA)、柳叶刀(Lancet)和新英格兰医学杂志(NEJM)上15年来3017项随机对照试验的分析显示,近400种公认的医疗措施研究有效,但后来结论反而被推翻。

哈佛大学校长曾说,你们今天所学的医学知识中,有一半在十年后都会被认为不正确,关键是,你不知道是哪一半错的。

据一项针对三大主流期刊——美国医学协会杂志(JAMA)、柳叶刀(Lancet)和新英格兰医学杂志(NEJM)上15年来3017项随机对照试验的分析显示,近400种公认的医疗措施研究有效,但后来结论反而被推翻。

该研究调查的是,与之前的做法或更低标准的治疗相比,通过随机对照试验发现的医疗措施并没有更好,英文名称叫医疗逆转(medical reversals)。

研究者分析了2003~2017年JAMA和Lancet以及2011~2017年NEJM中的3017项随机对照研究。

作者称,在美国2013~2015年间的医疗支出增长了20%,找到和废弃昂贵而无效(或可能有害)的医疗措施尤为重要。

研究发现,在3017项随机对照研究中,有396种医疗措施被证实无效。

其中针对心血管病的治疗最常见,占20%,其次是公共卫生/预防医学(12%)和重症监护(11%)。就干预类型而言,药物是最常见的(33%),其次是手术(20%)和维生素和/或补充剂(13%)。

在心血管方面,值得注意的有以下几项:

充血性心力衰竭和肺动脉导管插入术有效性的评估研究:ESCAPE试验.JAMA

评论:肺动脉导管检查是一种诊断血液动力学监测工具,但不是治疗。我们的审查得出结论,使用肺动脉导管检并未降低死亡率,ICU或住院时间,也没有减少重症监护费用。

体外和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后的五年结果.2017.NEJM

非体外循环或体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后的五年结果.2016.NEJM

评论:1、非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术随访≥3年时死亡率过高以及反复血运重建风险增加。

2、根据目前的证据,体外循环搭桥应继续作为标准治疗。但是,当主动脉插管和体外循环有禁忌症时,非体外循环搭桥可能是可接受的。

在手术后心脏骤停后复苏期间手动胸部按压与使用自动胸部按压设备.JAMA

评论:不支持对心脏骤停患者广泛使用机械装置进行胸部按压。

研究者强调,希望研究结果有助于医生进行批判性评估,并要求进行高质量的研究。

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    2020-03-20 膀胱癌
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    2020-01-29 amyloid
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    2020-04-24 clmlylxy
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    2019-06-17 lovetcm

    说明研究偏倚大

    0

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