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NEJM:VEST研究发表:可穿戴式除颤器未发挥保护作用?穿戴时间不够或是原因之一

2018-09-28 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

近年来,可穿戴式除颤器成为心律失常领域的一大研究热点。有心脏性猝死风险的人无需手术,只要穿戴上这种除颤器就可监测室性心律失常,一旦识别到恶性心律失常发生,除颤器就会报警并提醒即将放电,从而挽救患者的生命。

近年来,可穿戴式除颤器成为心律失常领域的一大研究热点。有心脏性猝死风险的人无需手术,只要穿戴上这种除颤器就可监测室性心律失常,一旦识别到恶性心律失常发生,除颤器就会报警并提醒即将放电,从而挽救患者的生命。

对于左心室射血分数<35%的心肌梗死患者,目前指南强烈反对在发病后40天内或者急诊血运重建后90天内植入除颤器进行心脏性猝死一级预防。在这个空档期,穿戴式自动体外除颤器则可能是一种良好选择。

然而,近日正式发表在新英格兰医学杂志上的VEST随机临床研究表明,左心室射血分数降低的急性心肌梗死患者在出院一周内穿上LifeVest这种可穿戴式除颤器后,并没有得到额外保护,其90天心脏性猝死或因室性心律失常死亡的风险并没有显着降低。

该研究纳入2302例左心室射血分数≤35%的急性心肌梗死患者,以2:1的比例随机分组,其中1524例分入除颤器组,其余778例分入对照组。

随访90天时,除颤器组和对照组的恶性心律失常性死亡发生率无显着差别,分别为1.6%和2.4%(RR=0.67,95% CI:0.37~1.21,P=0.18),但除颤器组的全因死亡发生率低于对照组(3.1% vs 4.9%,RR=0.64,95% CI:0.43~0.98,未矫正P=0.04)。

需要注意的是,在除颤器组死亡的48例患者中,只有12例死亡时仍穿着除颤器。除颤器组中1.3%的患者接受了恰当放电治疗,而0.6%接受到不恰当的放电治疗。在接受恰当放电治疗的患者中,大约70%在90天时仍存活。

该研究结果已于今年3月在美国心脏病学会(ACC)年会上被详细报告过,引起与会者热议。有人认为,除颤器组患者的依从性较差,这会降低这种设备的有效性。

研究者也承认,穿戴时间不够可能是可穿戴除颤器未发挥出作用的部分原因。在该研究中,除颤器组患者每天穿戴除颤器的中位时间为18小时,整个研究期间平均每天穿14.1小时,最初18小时,到研究结束时减至12小时,此时也仅有一半的患者仍在穿这种除颤器。

原始出处:Jeffrey E. Olgin, M.D., Mark J. Pletcher, M.D., M.P.H., Eric Vittinghoff, Ph.D.,  et al. Wearable Cardioverter–Defibrillator after Myocardial Infarction. NEJM. September 27, 2018

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    2019-04-29 baoya
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    2018-09-30 zhouqu_8
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