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医学研究的某些尴尬

2015-07-21 孙学军博客 科学网博客

从事医学研究的人,经常会遇到一些尴尬问题。例如医学是不是科学,重新性和效应的关系,分子机制和表型关系。发表论文和转化应用的关系。这些关系都容易带来一些尴尬。 一、医学和科学 有院士和方舟子关于医学是不是科学的争论。医学和科学肯定是不同的,从这个角度看,医学不是科学,或者不等于科学。但从另外一个角度看,现代医学已经成为科学整个体系中的一个组成部分,是关于疾病治疗的科学。或者是一种特殊的科学。从绝对意

从事医学研究的人,经常会遇到一些尴尬问题。例如医学是不是科学,重新性和效应的关系,分子机制和表型关系。发表论文和转化应用的关系。这些关系都容易带来一些尴尬。

一、医学和科学

有院士和方舟子关于医学是不是科学的争论。医学和科学肯定是不同的,从这个角度看,医学不是科学,或者不等于科学。但从另外一个角度看,现代医学已经成为科学整个体系中的一个组成部分,是关于疾病治疗的科学。或者是一种特殊的科学。从绝对意义上,没有必要将科学和医学等号。一个著名的悖论就是白马非马,医学不是科学,似乎与此类似这样。

但医学确实又不是科学,否则就不是医学了。因为医学是为人服务的,因此必须考虑到人文因素,所谓人文,就是考虑到人的因素,为了人甚至可以违反科学原则。例如,治疗疾病是医学的核心任务,但自然界中,人和生物疾病本身是生物进化的前提条件,从细菌进化到今天的人类,疾病就是环境与基因相互作用的基本表现形势,在这个过程中,发生疾病并导致个体被淘汰是主流因素。也就是说,只进化角度考虑,医学几乎毫无价值,因为医学的结果是大量保留劣势表型,这对整个人类物种的进化和优化并没有帮助。科学上,人病了,或者不适应环境了,就该被淘汰,治疗疾病不正是违背这一科学原则吗?这显然会陷入一种尴尬的推论中。因此不能把医学归入科学范畴,医学就是医学,是的关于人体健康和疾病治疗的学问。

二、创新和效应

发表论文的要求需要创新,需要提出新问题、新思路或新方法,一个字就是新。医学研究的目的是实,是安全性和有效性。这两个目标是矛盾的。

例如,有人提出一种新思路,认为某一种常见药物能治疗现在某种难治性疾病。比如有人用抗疟疾药治疗帕金森病,通过动物实验取得了成功,但是研究人员没有更多资源,开展深入研究。这样的初步效应观察,由于研究不够细致和深入,即使很新,也难以发表在高影响力的杂志上。因为没有高影响力杂志上的论文,研究者也往往不受重视,甚至研究被埋没许多年。

总体上来说,医学讲究解决问题,而科学讲究内在道理。比如更为具体的问题就是关于疾病的病理生理学基础和转化医学研究。药物治疗机制和效果之间的矛盾。深入理解这些矛盾,可以让我们弄清楚自己正在从事工作的重点是什么,我们从事研究的最终目的是什么。

在研究生开题和答辩过程中,学子们经常被某某分子机制困惑。似乎没有机制,就没有深度,没有细胞和分子,就没有水平。其实大多数情况下,分子和机制研究往往决定于条件,因为这多是技术和资源因素。或者说机制和深度研究往往决定于导师给提供的条件。效应和现象才是科研中真正具有意义的新发现。如果这个内容不够新,效果不够大,影响不够强,甚至在逻辑性不够强,合理性不够坚实。哪怕你进行全基因序列检测,利用最新的高分别率显微镜,利用上海光源进行活体结构观察,利用各种组学进行敏感分子筛选,研究的意义都不会太强。当然,技术上去,文章可以发表,而已。

三、原始创新与继承发扬的关系。

科学的工作方法,决定了创新必须具有继承性,必须能融合到大的自然科学知识体系中。就是因为这样,许多提出超强思维思路的人,无法被现代科学接受。就是因为这样,一些古代人发现的一些规律性现象无法被现代科学思维方式的人接受。其实,这些知识和现象,如果得到比较妥善地挖掘,不仅可以为现代科学接受,而且可以成为发现新现象,提出新思路的重要依据。例如古代早就有的一些哲学思维经验,以毒攻毒,不干不净吃了没病,是药三分毒,上医治未病等等思想。

大家可能注意到,中国关于砒霜治疗白血病的研究,最早来自于哈尔滨,有许多人对这个进行对方考证,就是希望能找到提出这种思路最早的学者是那个,其实这种思想并不是那个具体的人明确提出的,而是许多人经过许多次的摸索找到的。因为原始思路或基本思路很早就有,只不过当时经过与现代医学结合,逐渐定位到少数类型的疾病,才发现这种现象。

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    2016-08-21 Mr.Li先生

    哪都有方舟子的影子

    0

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    2015-08-16 Gsurgeon

    厉害

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=101888, encodeId=4b3f101888f9, content=哪都有方舟子的影子, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/IibQxuGJg8Nh1KeNMs1nZJeeldYs9olQSmfLFMSmc8OR6afKD5WrY1ktGibkd2ccEG1hMLcfjsTroQ86Z9scbvicQ/132, createdBy=3d661927529, createdName=Mr.Li先生, createdTime=Sun Aug 21 11:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1693021, encodeId=297e1693021aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=655a4e32160' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尴尬#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47321, encryptionId=655a4e32160, topicName=尴尬)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b6529322635, createdName=yilong5287552, createdTime=Fri Jun 24 08:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35653, encodeId=13f035653d6, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Aug 16 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543598, encodeId=b6191543598e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=509b3418366' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34183, encryptionId=509b3418366, topicName=医学研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a4b713593170, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 01:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33249, encodeId=25f9332495e, content=水平, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Tue Jul 21 23:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33237, encodeId=ed183323e02, content=这个研究所的i非常有意思现实中确实是这样。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=153, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Jul 21 18:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33235, encodeId=b63a3323558, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=121e1622385, createdName=chenhui888, createdTime=Tue Jul 21 17:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-21 午夜星河

    水平

    0

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    2015-07-21 lovetcm

    这个研究所的i非常有意思现实中确实是这样。

    0

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    2015-07-21 chenhui888

    厉害

    0

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