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JAMA:揭示和心血管病死亡最相关的饮食习惯是什么

2017-03-10 佚名 生物探索

根据今年 3 月 7 日发表在 JAMA 上的一篇调查统计显示在美国 2012 年中有一半的心脏病、中风和 2 型糖尿病引起的死亡率是和某些不合理的饮食因素相关的。全美健康和营养调查数据建模分析饮食习惯影响很多心血管健康的风险因子,包括心脏病,中风和 2 型糖尿病。构成了重大的健康和经济负担。在美国,个人饮食因素与特定的心血管代谢疾病的关系尚未确定。美国波士顿 Tufts Friedman 营养科

根据今年 3 月 7 日发表在 JAMA 上的一篇调查统计显示在美国 2012 年中有一半的心脏病中风和 2 型糖尿病引起的死亡率是和某些不合理的饮食因素相关的。

全美健康和营养调查数据建模分析

饮食习惯影响很多心血管健康的风险因子,包括心脏病,中风和 2 型糖尿病。构成了重大的健康和经济负担。在美国,个人饮食因素与特定的心血管代谢疾病的关系尚未确定。

美国波士顿 Tufts Friedman 营养科学与政策学院的 Renata Micha 博士和其同事使用来自全美健康和营养检查调查的数据(1999-2002 年;n = 8104;2009-2012 年;n = 8516)构建了模型。研究人员分析了在 2012 年心脏病、中风和 2 型糖尿病引起的死亡率以及十个和与心血管疾病相关的食品 / 营养素的消费:水果、蔬菜、坚果、种子、全谷类、未加工的红肉、加工肉类、含糖饮料,多不饱和脂肪、海鲜Ω-3 脂肪酸,钠。

高钠和红肉与心血管病死亡最相关

在 2012 年,美国成人中出现 702,308 例心血管病引起的死亡。其中,估计百分之 45(N = 318,656 由于心脏病、中风、和 2 型糖尿病)与不合理的 10 个饮食因素相关。与饮食相关的死亡率上,男性较大比例高于女性,这与男性不健康的饮食习惯基本一致。不合理的饮食也与在年轻与老年人的年龄相比更高,在黑人和拉美裔与白人相比更高,低教育程度的个人中相比更高的死亡率相关。

经估算,与饮食有关的心血管死亡因素是和高钠有关(所有心血管疾病死亡人数的 9.5%)、较低的坚果 / 种子(8.5%)、高加工肉类(8.2%)、低海鲜Ω-3 脂肪酸(7.8%),低的蔬菜(7.6%),低的水果(7.5%),和高含糖饮料(7.4%)。2002 到 2012 之间,美国人口每年心血管死亡下降 26.5%。与下降相关的因素是多不饱和脂肪(?20.8%),坚果 / 种子(?18%),和不喝含糖饮料(?14.5%)。导致心血管死亡率增幅最大的是和未加工的红肉(+ 14.4%)。

作者写道:“这些结果有助于确定优先事项,指导公共卫生规划,并告知改变饮食习惯和改善健康的策略。”

我国的心血管病防控与管理

2014 年《柳叶刀》杂志发布全球疾病死亡率研究报告表明,在中国最致命的疾病是中风、局部缺血性心脏病以及慢性阻塞性肺病,这三种疾病造成的死亡人数占 2013 年全部死亡人数的 46%。所以 JAMA 的此篇调查结果对中国的慢病健康防控有很大的借鉴意义。

近年来,我国高度重视心血管疾病等慢性疾病的防控工作。即 2012 年原卫生部等 15 部门联合印发《2012 中国慢性病防治工作规划 (2012~2015 年)》之后,国务院办公厅 2017 年 1 月 22 日印发《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017—2025 年)》,提出心脑血管疾病等慢性病的防治规划。

我国的国家心血管病中心已经从 2005 年起连续 10 年编制《中国心血管病报告》,现在我们在国家心血管病中心网站上可以看到的最新报告是 2015 年的。除此之外还有中国高血压患者的防治、测量、教育、管理等指南以及中国成人血脂异常指南。国家心血管中心一直在积极地进行心血管流行病学的调查与研究,开展社区防治研究。

听听 12320 怎么说

关于饮食因素和心血管病死亡率的直接联系,我们拨打了疾控中心的 12320 热线进行咨询,了解到目前国内还没有饮食于心血管病关系的官方调查报告或指南传达。对于有心血管病的病人如何饮食,12320 热线的建议也是遵照医嘱。

在 2015 年世卫组织新版 “致癌名单” 中,火腿、培根等加工肉类被列入 1 级致癌物,红肉被列为 2A 级致癌物。而今红肉又被发现是导致美国心血管病增幅最大的因素。我们是否需要集体对红肉说 “不” 字呢?回顾 12320 官方微博在 2015 年 11 月 4 日对北京大学马冠生教授的微访谈,面对网友的提问,马教授的回答是:“我国居民的膳食模式和其他国家的有所不同,如果可能应该就我国居民的膳食摄入情况进行风险评估,提出建议。但总的来说,还是红肉、加工食品适量。”

原始出处:
Renata Micha,Jose L. Penalvo,Frederick Cudhea,et al.Association Between Dietary Factors and Mortality From Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes in the United States.JAMA. 2017;317(9):912-924. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.0947

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    2017-03-11 knowheart

    高钠和红肉与心血管病死亡最相关

    0

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    2017-03-10 小来

    Get

    0

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    2017-03-10 卡圣

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-03-10 明天会更好!

    学习了,很好!

    0

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