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肾上腺碰撞瘤CT表现一例

2018-12-17 覃夏丽 温祖光 黄仲奎 影像诊断与介入放射学,

肾上腺碰撞瘤(adrenal collision tumor)较罕见,源于皮质腺瘤和髓质的嗜铬细胞瘤的肾上腺碰撞瘤仅见一例报道。笔者回顾性分析一例肾上腺碰撞瘤的临床及CT表现,旨在增加对肾上腺碰撞瘤的认识。

肾上腺碰撞瘤(adrenal collision tumor)较罕见,源于皮质腺瘤和髓质的嗜铬细胞瘤的肾上腺碰撞瘤仅见一例报道。笔者回顾性分析一例肾上腺碰撞瘤的临床及CT表现,旨在增加对肾上腺碰撞瘤的认识。
 
1.病例资料
 
患者,女,50岁,B超体检发现左侧肾上腺占位1d。患者既往有地中海贫血(轻度),否认高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等病史;无相关家族史。监测血压间歇性升高,血压最高146/90mmHg,动态血压显示夜间平均舒张压升高,血压昼夜变化规律消失;盐水试验及卡托普利试验均未被抑制,醛固酮/肾素比值升高;血钾正常,儿茶酚胺、甲状腺功能、甲状旁腺素未见异常。
 
CT平扫显示左侧肾上腺外侧支见类圆形软组织密度肿块(CT值约51HU),肿块边缘清楚,范围约5.4 cm×5.2 cm×5.7 cm,肿块内侧可见一小结节状低密度灶凸起,CT值约20HU,大小约2.1 cm×1.7 cm,小结节灶与肿块分界欠清,两侧交界区边缘可见凹陷。增强扫描,肿块呈明显强化,动脉期、静脉期CT值测量分别约为113和85HU;其中的小结节灶动脉期包膜明显强化,动脉期、静脉期内部CT值分别约80和61HU;诊断嗜铬细胞瘤。
 
术中所见:左侧肾上腺内侧缘见大小约5.0 cm×6.0 cm肿块,类圆形,呈黄色,肿瘤有完整包膜,表面光滑,与正常肾上腺组织分界清楚,肿瘤剥离过程患者血压波动明显,最高达180/100mmHg,术中血压控制良好;术中诊断为嗜铬细胞瘤。
 
病理检查:(1)大体观:两个大小结节紧密相连,均有完整包膜,大小分别为5.5 cm×3.8 cm×3.5 cm、2.1 cm×2.0 cm×1.7 cm,切面呈实性暗褐色。两个肿瘤旁均见部分受压、萎缩的肾上腺组织。(2)镜下:大结节来源于肾上腺髓质,为嗜铬细胞瘤,免疫组化:inhibin(+)、CgA(-)、NSE(+)、Syn(+/-)、Vimentin(-)、Ki-67(约1%+);小结节来源于肾上腺皮质,为皮质腺瘤,主要成分为球状带细胞,免疫组化:inhibin(+)、CgA(-)、Syn(+/-)、Vimentin(-)、Ki-67(约3%+)。病理诊断:左侧肾上腺碰撞瘤。术后至今5年随访,血压、醛固酮、肾素恢复正常。无任何不适症状。



图1左侧肾上腺碰撞瘤,体检发现肾上腺占位1d。a)CT平扫,轴位,左侧肾上腺可见两个大小不等相邻,分界清晰,两者密度均匀,大结节(长箭)的密度明显高于小结节(箭);b)CT增强扫描,动脉期,轴位,大结节明显强化(长箭),密度不均匀,中央可见囊性部分,小结节包膜呈明显环形强化(箭),内部呈中度强化,小结节内侧可见萎缩的肾上腺内肢(红箭头);c)静脉期轴位小结节廓清较明显(箭),密度明显低于大结节,大结节边缘强化较明显(长箭),两者分界清晰;d)静脉期冠状位示小结节(箭)位于大结节(长箭)内上方,与肾上腺内肢相连(红箭头),大结节呈部分分叶状;e)小结节病理图示肾上腺皮质腺瘤组织学改变:肿瘤主要由含有丰富胞浆内脂滴的亮细胞构成,瘤细胞呈巢团状排列伴有大量毛细血管(×400,HE);f)大结节病理图示嗜铬细胞瘤形态特点:瘤组织由富于毛细血管的结缔组织分隔成不规则瘤细胞巢,瘤细胞呈中等至较大的多边形、有一定多形性(×400,HE)
 
2.讨论
 
1)碰撞瘤的定义和病理机制
 
碰撞瘤(collision tumor)定义:碰撞瘤为同解剖位置形成的同一瘤块内,两种成分独立存在,紧密并列,分界清晰,在交界处两种不同的病理成分没有混合,两种成分组织发生,应为独立起源,且为原发性肿瘤。但也有一部分外文文献把肾上腺转移瘤与肾上腺原发性肿瘤的碰撞理解成碰撞瘤,但多数国内文献定义为碰撞现象,而非碰撞瘤。发生于肾上腺的碰撞瘤较罕见,一般是两种良性、一种良性和一种恶性或两种恶性肿瘤发生碰撞。肾上腺碰撞瘤常见的来源有肾上腺皮质腺瘤与转移瘤或肾上腺间质来源的肿瘤,而分别来源于肾上腺皮质和髓质的碰撞瘤罕见;肾上腺碰撞瘤中含良性成分的较多见。
 
本例结合临床及病理,符合肾上腺原发性醛固酮增多症的皮质腺瘤与嗜铬细胞瘤碰撞。其中皮质腺瘤较小,主要成分为球状带细胞;嗜铬细胞瘤较大,来源于髓质;并见萎缩的肾上腺组织;笔者推测其病理机制可能为髓质嗜铬细胞瘤释放促肾上腺皮质释放激素(ACTH),使肾上腺皮质增生;或是髓质嗜铬细胞瘤直接兴奋肾脏的β1受体,释放肾素,活化血管紧张素,从而刺激球状带细胞增生,促进醛固酮水平升高,使患侧肾上腺萎缩。
 
2)肾上腺碰撞瘤临床表现分析
 
本例肾上腺碰撞瘤中有嗜铬细胞瘤成分,直径较大,血压升高不明显,属于不典型嗜铬细胞瘤但术中血压波动明显,高达180/100mmHg,可能是由于术中触碰到嗜铬细胞瘤,刺激其释放儿茶酚胺释放如血液,使血压升高。本例有腺瘤成分,瘤体直径明显小于嗜铬细胞瘤;患者有醛固酮升高和肾素水平的改变,但血钾处于正常范围内较低值,无低钾现象,可能与患者腺瘤瘤体的分泌功能较弱有关。
 
3)肾上腺碰撞瘤的CT表现分析
 
有学者发现不典型嗜铬细胞瘤增强后明显强化,尤其边缘较明显,内部不均匀强化,较大者中央可见条索样、坏死样改变,这与本例病灶有相似之处,本例病灶内部强化CT值不是特别高,而周围强化较明显,也可能是因瘤体较大膨胀性生长,压迫周围正常腺体,内部囊变、坏死成分较多所致。有学者认为对于肾上腺肿瘤强化不明显者,如球形肿块内有出血、坏死、囊变和钙化,包膜完整,仍然提示嗜铬细胞瘤。也有研究发现88%的嗜铬细胞瘤有囊变,肿瘤体积越大,越易出现坏死及囊性变或出血,表现为T1WI及T2WI信号不均匀。本例碰撞瘤中有腺瘤成分;肾上腺皮质腺瘤为肾上腺最常见的良性肿瘤,70%的腺瘤为富脂型,平扫CT值较低。
 
本例患者的醛固酮增多,为功能性腺瘤,平扫最大CT值约19HU,为富脂型;增强后动脉期腺瘤只有80HU,而嗜铬细胞瘤高达113HU;腺瘤与嗜铬细胞瘤分别有独立完整的包膜,CT平扫分界清晰,均有各自的强化特点。此外,化学位移MRI检测到细胞内脂肪的存在有助于腺瘤诊断,以此与嗜铬细胞瘤鉴别。
 
4)诊断体会
 
回顾本例碰撞瘤,表现较典型,两种肿瘤分别有独立完整的包膜,CT平扫分界清晰,均有各自的强化特点,这与最近的文献报道类似。所以如发现CT或MRI表现明显不一样,包括肿块大小、平扫密度/信号、强化方式和强度等,结合临床内分泌异常结果,特别用一种肿瘤不能解释临床表现的时候,要怀疑两种不同肿瘤同时存在,即要意识到碰撞瘤存在的可能性。术前有必要明确肿瘤的性质,有助于临床更好地制定治疗方案,如本例嗜铬细胞瘤,术前3d用α阻滞剂可使术中血压平稳,预防术中高血压危象或脑出血等。
 
本例碰撞瘤诊断的难点在于,CT显示左肾上腺巨大软组织肿块,增强后肿块外、下大部分呈中度均匀一致强化。笔者忽略了肿块的后上部突起结节部分,其实这一部分CT平扫表现为明显低密度,与嗜铬细胞瘤的囊变有所不同,该低密度部分位于病灶边缘,且形态规则,增强后强化效果也不如外下部分肿块,认真阅读还发现结节边缘有明显包膜与主肿块分隔。此外,结合临床患者醛固酮/肾素比值升高,应怀疑是否合并腺瘤的存在,即碰撞瘤的可能。
 
值得注意的是,大体病理可以比较直观地理解碰撞瘤的病理表现,有助于病理医师准确取材,但本例肾上腺碰撞瘤没有保留大体病理图片,有必要保存大体病理资料,以增加对碰撞瘤的认识,提高确诊率。
 
原始出处:

覃夏丽,温祖光,黄仲奎.肾上腺碰撞瘤CT表现一例[J].影像诊断与介入放射学,2018(02):162-164.

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    2019-09-14 huirong
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    2018-12-19 DOIzhao

    照片能不能放大浏览

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049664, encodeId=fc76204966418, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a64e370516' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#碰撞瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73705, encryptionId=6a64e370516, topicName=碰撞瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Sat Sep 14 03:23:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895161, encodeId=7d19189516112, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Fri Sep 13 21:23:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=355872, encodeId=95c63558e2fa, content=照片能不能放大浏览, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad6d2468872, createdName=DOIzhao, createdTime=Wed Dec 19 21:22:52 CST 2018, time=2018-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1595665, encodeId=1e2f1595665a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec7c5485b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CT表现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5485, encryptionId=ec7c5485b0, topicName=CT表现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=97b318291922, createdName=smallant2008, createdTime=Wed Dec 19 10:23:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=355683, encodeId=836e355683ac, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Dec 17 20:25:26 CST 2018, time=2018-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049664, encodeId=fc76204966418, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a64e370516' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#碰撞瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73705, encryptionId=6a64e370516, topicName=碰撞瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Sat Sep 14 03:23:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895161, encodeId=7d19189516112, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Fri Sep 13 21:23:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=355872, encodeId=95c63558e2fa, content=照片能不能放大浏览, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad6d2468872, createdName=DOIzhao, createdTime=Wed Dec 19 21:22:52 CST 2018, time=2018-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1595665, encodeId=1e2f1595665a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ec7c5485b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CT表现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5485, encryptionId=ec7c5485b0, topicName=CT表现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=97b318291922, createdName=smallant2008, createdTime=Wed Dec 19 10:23:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=355683, encodeId=836e355683ac, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Dec 17 20:25:26 CST 2018, time=2018-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-17 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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